CAPEC-103

Clickjacking
Medium
High
Draft
2014-06-23
00h00 +00:00
2022-09-29
00h00 +00:00
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Descriptions CAPEC

An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.

Informations CAPEC

Execution Flow

1) Experiment

[Craft a clickjacking page] The adversary utilizes web page layering techniques to try to craft a malicious clickjacking page

Technique
  • The adversary leveraged iframe overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged Flash file overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged Silverlight overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged cross-frame scripting to craft a malicious clickjacking page
2) Exploit

[Adversary lures victim to clickjacking page] Adversary utilizes some form of temptation, misdirection or coercion to lure the victim to loading and interacting with the clickjacking page in a way that increases the chances that the victim will click in the right areas.

Technique
  • Lure the victim to the malicious site by sending the victim an e-mail with a URL to the site.
  • Lure the victim to the malicious site by manipulating URLs on a site trusted by the victim.
  • Lure the victim to the malicious site through a cross-site scripting attack.
3) Exploit

[Trick victim into interacting with the clickjacking page in the desired manner] The adversary tricks the victim into clicking on the areas of the UI which contain the hidden action controls and thereby interacts with the target system maliciously with the victim's level of privilege.

Technique
  • Hide action controls over very commonly used functionality.
  • Hide action controls over very psychologically tempting content.

Prerequisites

The victim is communicating with the target application via a web based UI and not a thick client
The victim's browser security policies allow at least one of the following JavaScript, Flash, iFrames, ActiveX, or CSS.
The victim uses a modern browser that supports UI elements like clickable buttons (i.e. not using an old text only browser)
The victim has an active session with the target system.
The target system's interaction window is open in the victim's browser and supports the ability for initiating sensitive actions on behalf of the user in the target system

Skills Required

Crafting the proper malicious site and luring the victim to this site are not trivial tasks.

Resources Required

None: No specialized resources are required to execute this type of attack.

Mitigations

If using the Firefox browser, use the NoScript plug-in that will help forbid iFrames.
Turn off JavaScript, Flash and disable CSS.
When maintaining an authenticated session with a privileged target system, do not use the same browser to navigate to unfamiliar sites to perform other activities. Finish working with the target system and logout first before proceeding to other tasks.

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name

CWE-1021

 Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain, which can lead to user confusion about which interface the user is interacting with.

References

REF-619

OWASP Web Security Testing Guide
https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/latest/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/11-Client-side_Testing/09-Testing_for_Clickjacking.html

Submission

Name Organization Date Date release
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2014-06-23 +00:00

Modifications

Name Organization Date Comment
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2017-08-04 +00:00 Updated Attack_Phases, Description Summary, Examples-Instances, Related_Weaknesses, Resources_Required
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2020-07-30 +00:00 Updated Example_Instances
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2020-12-17 +00:00 Updated References, Taxonomy_Mappings
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2022-09-29 +00:00 Updated Description, Extended_Description