CVE-2015-2523 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	76.73%	–	–
2022-03-13	–	–	72.21%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	96.07%	–
2023-03-26	–	–	–	95.69%	–
2023-10-08	–	–	–	95.59%	–
2023-12-10	–	–	–	95.29%	–
2024-04-07	–	–	–	95.69%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	95.69%	–
2024-10-06	–	–	–	95.75%	–
2024-11-10	–	–	–	95.75%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	95.75%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	68.43%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	68.43%
2025-04-06	–	–	–	–	68.43%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	68.43%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	68.43,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	99%
2022-03-13	99%
2023-03-12	99%
2023-03-26	99%
2023-10-08	99%
2023-12-10	99%
2024-04-07	99%
2024-06-02	99%
2024-10-06	99%
2024-11-10	1%
2025-01-19	1%
2025-03-18	99%
2025-03-30	98%
2025-04-06	99%
2025-04-15	98%
2025-04-15	98%

Source: https://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=462 The following crash was observed in Microsoft Excel 2007 running on Windows 2003 R2. This crash was also reproduced in Microsoft Excel 2010 on Windows 7 x86 and Microsoft Excel 2013 on Windows 8.1 x86. The test environment was Excel 2007 on Windows 2003 R2 with application verifier basic checks enabled. Attached files: Original File: 683709058_orig.xls Crashing File: 683709058_crash.xls Minimized Crashing File: 683709058_min.xls The minimized crashing file shows two deltas from the original. The first at offset 0x237 is in the data of the 4th BIFFRecord and the second delta at offset 0x34a5 is in the type field of a BIFFRecord. File versions: Excel.exe: 12.0.6718.5000 MSO.dll: 12.0.6721.5000 Observed Crash: eax=00000000 ebx=00000000 ecx=0ce119f8 edx=00003fff esi=0e98de10 edi=0013c82c eip=30037cc5 esp=00137180 ebp=00137188 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010202 *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for Excel.exe - Excel!Ordinal40+0x37cc5: 30037cc5 0fb64604 movzx eax,byte ptr [esi+4] ds:0023:0e98de14=?? 0:000> kb L8 ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong. 00137188 303df098 0e98de10 00000000 00000102 Excel!Ordinal40+0x37cc5 0013d068 30528190 0013d0a8 00000102 00000000 Excel!Ordinal40+0x3df098 0013d2bc 305280b1 00000000 00000001 00000008 Excel!Ordinal40+0x528190 0013d330 3038d46d 0013ddf2 00000000 00000001 Excel!Ordinal40+0x5280b1 0013e000 300084a4 0013e104 00000001 0013f568 Excel!Ordinal40+0x38d46d 0013fbb0 30005e9a 02270fd7 00000003 30f61708 Excel!Ordinal40+0x84a4 0013feb8 30003b3a 00000000 02270fd7 00000003 Excel!Ordinal40+0x5e9a 0013ff30 30003884 30000000 00000000 02270fd7 Excel!Ordinal40+0x3b3a In this crash esi is a heap address. We can see that this is a free chunk: 0:000> !heap -p -a 0xe98de10 address 0e98de10 found in _DPH_HEAP_ROOT @ 1161000 in free-ed allocation ( DPH_HEAP_BLOCK: VirtAddr VirtSize) e7f0fc0: e98d000 2000 7c83e330 ntdll!RtlFreeHeap+0x0000011a 018b1611 vfbasics!AVrfpRtlFreeHeap+0x000000a8 331039d5 mso!Ordinal1743+0x00002d4d 329c91d1 mso!MsoFreePv+0x0000003f 30298310 Excel!Ordinal40+0x00298310 30300ac3 Excel!Ordinal40+0x00300ac3 305f1899 Excel!Ordinal40+0x005f1899 This is a use after free vulnerability affecting all currently supported versions of Microsoft Excel. Proof of Concept: https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/38214.zip