CVE-2016-7626 Detail

CVE-2016-7626

Score / Severity

8.8

High

CVE Descriptions

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.2 is affected. tvOS before 10.1 is affected. watchOS before 3.1.1 is affected. The issue involves the "Profiles" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted certificate profile.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID	Weakness Name	Source
CWE-119	Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

Metrics

Metrics	Score	Severity	CVSS Vector	Source
V3.0	8.8	HIGH	CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H More informations Base: Exploitabilty Metrics The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. Network A vulnerability exploitable with network access means the vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the attacker's path is through OSI layer 3 (the network layer). Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable one or more network hops away (e.g. across layer 3 boundaries from routers). Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker's control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Low Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. None The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. Required Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited. For example, a successful exploit may only be possible during the installation of an application by a system administrator. Base: Scope Metrics An important property captured by CVSS v3.0 is the ability for a vulnerability in one software component to impact resources beyond its means, or privileges. Scope Formally, Scope refers to the collection of privileges defined by a computing authority (e.g. an application, an operating system, or a sandbox environment) when granting access to computing resources (e.g. files, CPU, memory, etc). These privileges are assigned based on some method of identification and authorization. In some cases, the authorization may be simple or loosely controlled based upon predefined rules or standards. For example, in the case of Ethernet traffic sent to a network switch, the switch accepts traffic that arrives on its ports and is an authority that controls the traffic flow to other switch ports. Unchanged An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same authority. In this case the vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same. Base: Impact Metrics The Impact metrics refer to the properties of the impacted component. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. High There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable). Temporal Metrics The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence that one has in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental Metrics	nvd@nist.gov
V2	6.8		AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P	nvd@nist.gov

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 40906

Publication date : 2016-12-11 23h00 +00:00
Author : Maksymilian Arciemowicz
EDB Verified : Yes

Source: https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2016110046 iOS 10.1.x Remote memory corruption through certificate file Credit: Maksymilian Arciemowicz from https://cxsecurity.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0. Short description Special crafted certificate file may lead to memory corruption of several processes and the vector attack may be through Mobile Safari or Mail app. Attacker may control the overflow through the certificate length in OCSP field -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Possible vectors of attack - Apple Mail (double click on certificate) - Safari Mobile ( go to special crafted link eg https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php which will redirect you to CRT file ) - other unspecified -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Symptoms of memory overflow By appropriate length of the certificate, an attacker can trigger crash of: - profiled - Preferences - other unexpected behaviors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Crash log: - profiled --------------------------------------------------------------- {"app_name":"profiled","app_version":"","bug_type":"109","timestamp":"2016-09-20 09:15:09.85 +0200","os_version":"iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)","incident_id":"XXXXXXXXXXXXXX","slice_uuid":"XXXXXXXXXXXXXX","build_version":"","is_first_party":true,"share_with_app_devs":false,"name":"profiled"} Incident Identifier: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX CrashReporter Key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Hardware Model: iPhone6,2 Process: profiled [1595] Path: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ManagedConfiguration.framework/Support/profiled Identifier: profiled Version: ??? Code Type: ARM-64 (Native) Role: Unspecified Parent Process: launchd [1] Coalition: <none> [253] Date/Time: 2016-09-20 09:15:09.7892 +0200 Launch Time: 2016-09-20 09:15:01.1603 +0200 OS Version: iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403) Report Version: 104 Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV) Exception Subtype: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000016e193ca0 Termination Signal: Segmentation fault: 11 Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb Terminating Process: exc handler [0] Triggered by Thread: 2 --------------------------------------------------------------- - Preferences --------------------------------------------------------------- {"app_name":"Preferences","timestamp":"2016-09-20 01:11:44.56 +0200","app_version":"1","slice_uuid":"XXXXXXXXXXX","adam_id":0,"build_version":"1.0","bundleID":"com.apple.Preferences","share_with_app_devs":false,"is_first_party":true,"bug_type":"109","os_version":"iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)","incident_id":"XXXXXXXXXXX","name":"Preferences"} Incident Identifier: XXXXXXXXXXX CrashReporter Key: XXXXXXXXXXX Hardware Model: iPhone6,2 Process: Preferences [1517] Path: /Applications/Preferences.app/Preferences Identifier: com.apple.Preferences Version: 1.0 (1) Code Type: ARM-64 (Native) Role: Foreground Parent Process: launchd [1] Coalition: com.apple.Preferences [754] Date/Time: 2016-09-20 01:11:43.4478 +0200 Launch Time: 2016-09-20 01:10:54.3002 +0200 OS Version: iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403) Report Version: 104 Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV) Exception Subtype: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000016fc6df90 Termination Signal: Segmentation fault: 11 Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb Terminating Process: exc handler [0] Triggered by Thread: 0 --------------------------------------------------------------- Logs: ============================== Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.27D...8F.launchd_sim[1905] (com.apple.managedconfiguration.profiled[3085]): Service exited due to signal: Segmentation fault: 11 Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc MobileSafari[2870]: (Error) MC: Queue data for acceptance error. Error: NSError: Desc : Couldn’t communicate with a helper application. Sugg : Try your operation again. If that fails, quit and relaunch the application and try again. Domain : NSCocoaErrorDomain Code : 4097 Extra info: { NSDebugDescription = "connection to service named com.apple.managedconfiguration.profiled"; } Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc profiled[3133]: (Note ) profiled: Service starting... ============================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. PoC https://cert.cx/appleios10/300k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/500k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/900k.php or https://cert.cx/appleios10/expl.html just click on this link by using Safari. EDB Proofs of Concept Mirror: https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/40906.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Safari and sandbox How is possible that safari don't ask user before run 'Preferences' app to start process of importing certificate? Safari automatically start new process without asking user for acceptance of this operation what can be exploited through http redirect to untrusted content. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. References CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/44.html https://cert.cx/ https://cxsecurity.com/ Best Regards/Pozdrowienia/С наилучшими пожеланиями Maksymilian Arciemowicz References: https://support.apple.com/HT207422 https://support.apple.com/HT207425 https://support.apple.com/HT207426 https://cert.cx/appleios10/300k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/500k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/900k.php https://cert.cx/appleios10/expl.html https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/44.html