CVE-2019-5256 : Detail

CVE-2019-5256

5.5
/
Medium
Memory Corruption
0.06%V4
Local
2019-12-13
21h45 +00:00
2019-12-13
21h45 +00:00
CVE.org
NVD
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CVE Descriptions

Certain Huawei products (AP2000;IPS Module;NGFW Module;NIP6300;NIP6600;NIP6800;S5700;SVN5600;SVN5800;SVN5800-C;SeMG9811;Secospace AntiDDoS8000;Secospace USG6300;Secospace USG6500;Secospace USG6600;USG6000V;eSpace U1981) have a null pointer dereference vulnerability. The system dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL. A local attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted parameters. A successful exploit could cause a denial of service and the process reboot.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name Source
CWE-476 NULL Pointer Dereference
The product dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid but is NULL.

Metrics

Metrics Score Severity CVSS Vector Source
V3.1 5.5 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Base: Exploitabilty Metrics

The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component.

Attack Vector

This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible.

Local

The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities.

Attack Complexity

This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability.

Low

Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component.

Privileges Required

This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.

Low

The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.

User Interaction

This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component.

None

The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user.

Base: Scope Metrics

The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.

Scope

Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs.

Unchanged

An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.

Base: Impact Metrics

The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve.

Confidentiality Impact

This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability.

None

There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.

Integrity Impact

This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.

None

There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.

Availability Impact

This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability.

High

There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Temporal Metrics

The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability.

Environmental Metrics

These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

 nvd@nist.gov
V2 2.1 AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P nvd@nist.gov

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
EPSS First.org

Products Mentioned

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r005c30

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r006c10

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r006c20

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r007c10

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r007c20

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r008c00

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r008c10

Huawei>>Ap2000_firmware >> Version v200r009c00

Huawei>>Ap2000 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Ips_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Ips >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00spc100

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00spc100pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00spc200

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00spc200pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c00spc300

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c10

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c10pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c30

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r002c30pwe

Huawei>>Ngfw_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Ngfw >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Nip6300_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Nip6300 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Nip6600_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Nip6600 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Nip6800_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Nip6800_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Nip6800_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Nip6800_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Nip6800 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>S5700_firmware >> Version v200r005c03

Huawei>>S5700 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Svn5600_firmware >> Version v200r003c00spc100

Huawei>>Svn5600 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Svn5800_firmware >> Version v200r003c00spc100

Huawei>>Svn5800 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Svn5800-c_firmware >> Version v200r003c00spc100

Huawei>>Svn5800-c >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Semg9811_firmware >> Version v500r002c20

Huawei>>Semg9811_firmware >> Version v500r002c30

Huawei>>Semg9811_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Semg9811 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc600

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc700

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc600

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc101

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc600

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000_firmware >> Version v500r005c00spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_antiddos8000 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v100r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc101

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r001c80pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6300 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v100r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph508

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc101

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200b062

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r001c80pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6500 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v100r001c00spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v100r001c10spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v100r001c10spc201

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v100r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v100r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc050

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc090

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00spc500pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c00sph303

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc101

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300b078

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc600

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc600pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c30spc601

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc009

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c50spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc100pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc200

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc200pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc300

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c60spc500

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c80

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r001c80pwe

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r005c00spc100

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600_firmware >> Version v500r005c00spc102

Huawei>>Secospace_usg6600 >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c10

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c10spc100

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c10spc200

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc100

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc200

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc300

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc500

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r001c20spc600

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r003c00

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r003c00spc100

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r005c00

Huawei>>Usg6000v_firmware >> Version v500r005c00spc100

Huawei>>Usg6000v >> Version -

Configuraton 0

Huawei>>Espace_u1981_firmware >> Version v200r003c50spc700

Huawei>>Espace_u1981 >> Version -

References

The information presented on CVE Find originates from several carefully selected reference sources. CVE data is provided by MITRE Corporation and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). The Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog is sourced from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), while EPSS scores come from FIRST.org. Additionally, data regarding software weaknesses (CWE) and common attack patterns (CAPEC) is maintained by MITRE Corporation, and information on hardware and software configurations (CPE) is provided by the NVD.