Modes Of Introduction
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Applicable Platforms
Language
Class: Not Language-Specific (Undetermined)
Technologies
Name: Web Server (Undetermined)
Common Consequences
Scope |
Impact |
Likelihood |
Confidentiality | Read Application Data | |
Integrity | Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands | |
Access Control | Bypass Protection Mechanism
Note: By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests. | |
Observed Examples
References |
Description |
| Chain: LLM integration framework has prompt injection
(CWE-1427) that allows an attacker to force the service to retrieve
data from an arbitrary URL, essentially providing SSRF (CWE-918) and
potentially injecting content into downstream tasks. |
| Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in mail server, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. |
| Server Side Request Forgery in cloud platform, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. |
| Chain: incorrect validation of intended decimal-based IP address format (CWE-1286) enables parsing of octal or hexadecimal formats (CWE-1389), allowing bypass of an SSRF protection mechanism (CWE-918). |
| Web server allows attackers to request a URL from another server, including other ports, which allows proxied scanning. |
| CGI script accepts and retrieves incoming URLs. |
| Web-based mail program allows internal network scanning using a modified POP3 port number. |
| URL-downloading library automatically follows redirects to file:// and scp:// URLs |
Detection Methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness : High
Vulnerability Mapping Notes
Justification : This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Comment : Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Related Attack Patterns
CAPEC-ID |
Attack Pattern Name |
CAPEC-664 |
Server Side Request Forgery
An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.
|
NotesNotes
CWE-918 (SSRF) and CWE-611 (XXE) are closely related, because they both involve web-related technologies and can launch outbound requests to unexpected destinations. However, XXE can be performed client-side, or in other contexts in which the software is not acting directly as a server, so the "Server" portion of the SSRF acronym does not necessarily apply.
References
REF-913
SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAP
Alexander Polyakov, Dmitry Chastukhin.
https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf REF-914
SSRF vs. Business-critical Applications. Part 1: XXE Tunnelling in SAP NetWeaver
Alexander Polyakov, Dmitry Chastukhin, Alexey Tyurin.
http://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SSRF-vs-Businness-critical-applications-whitepaper.pdf REF-915
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 1
Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-1/ REF-916
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 2
Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-2/ REF-917
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 3
Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-3/ REF-918
SSRF attacks and sockets: smorgasbord of vulnerabilities
Vladimir Vorontsov, Alexander Golovko.
https://www.slideshare.net/DefconRussia/vorontsov-golovko-ssrf-attacks-and-sockets-smorgasbord-of-vulnerabilities REF-919
SSRF bible. Cheatsheet
ONsec Lab.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v1TkWZtrhzRLy0bYXBcdLUedXGb9njTNIJXa3u9akHM/edit?pli=1# REF-920
Web Portals: Gateway To Information, Or A Hole In Our Perimeter Defenses
Deral Heiland.
http://www.shmoocon.org/2008/presentations/Web%20portals,%20gateway%20to%20information.ppt
Submission
Name |
Organization |
Date |
Date release |
Version |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2013-02-17 +00:00 |
2013-02-21 +00:00 |
2.4 |
Modifications
Name |
Organization |
Date |
Comment |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2015-12-07 +00:00 |
updated Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2017-01-19 +00:00 |
updated Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2017-11-08 +00:00 |
updated Applicable_Platforms, References |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2018-03-27 +00:00 |
updated References |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2019-06-20 +00:00 |
updated Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2020-02-24 +00:00 |
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2021-07-20 +00:00 |
updated References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2021-10-28 +00:00 |
updated Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2022-06-28 +00:00 |
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2022-10-13 +00:00 |
updated Observed_Examples |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2023-04-27 +00:00 |
updated Detection_Factors, References, Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2023-06-29 +00:00 |
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships |
CWE Content Team |
MITRE |
2024-11-19 +00:00 |
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Observed_Examples, Relationships |