CAPEC-481

Contradictory Destinations in Traffic Routing Schemes
Medium
High
Draft
2019-04-04
00h00 +00:00
2023-01-24
00h00 +00:00
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Descriptions CAPEC

Adversaries can provide contradictory destinations when sending messages. Traffic is routed in networks using the domain names in various headers available at different levels of the OSI model. In a Content Delivery Network (CDN) multiple domains might be available, and if there are contradictory domain names provided it is possible to route traffic to an inappropriate destination. The technique, called Domain Fronting, involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. An alternative technique, called Domainless Fronting, is similar, but the SNI field is left blank.

Informations CAPEC

Prerequisites

An adversary must be aware that their message will be routed using a CDN, and that both of the contradictory domains are served from that CDN.
If the purpose of the Domain Fronting is to hide redirected C2 traffic, the C2 server must have been created in the CDN.

Skills Required

The adversary must have some knowledge of how messages are routed.

Mitigations

Monitor connections, checking headers in traffic for contradictory domain names, or empty domain names.

Related Weaknesses

CWE-ID Weakness Name

CWE-923

 Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints
The product establishes a communication channel to (or from) an endpoint for privileged or protected operations, but it does not properly ensure that it is communicating with the correct endpoint.

Submission

Name Organization Date Date release
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2019-04-04 +00:00

Modifications

Name Organization Date Comment
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2019-09-30 +00:00 Updated @Abstraction
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2020-07-30 +00:00 Updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Taxonomy_Mappings
CAPEC Content Team The MITRE Corporation 2023-01-24 +00:00 Updated Related_Weaknesses